Storage Vessels as Indicators of Crisis Management

Abstract

This article assesses the distribution of storage vessels, pithoi and jars in an effort to evaluate surplus management strategies connected to political and environmental conditions in the southern Levant in the second millennium BCE. We examined 27 ceramic assemblages from four Middle Bronze–Late Bronze sites in northern Israel: two rural sites (Tel Qashish and Tel Yoqneʾam) and two urban centres (Tel Hazor and Tel Beth-Shean). We then examined how variability in storage activity relates to major historical, political and climate changes recorded in the Levant within the chronological framework of the study. Our results suggest that the relative frequency of storage vessels varies according to type of settlement, is somewhat impacted by political events, and is weakly related to climatic events. This highlights the potential importance of focusing upon datasets that quantify the response of societies to political and climatic change as a measure of the latter’s effect on the past. The results also allow us to suggest a change in the distribution system of Bronze Age urban centres.

Keywords:

• Storage vessels
• Bronze Age
• Southern Levant
• Climate change
• Distribution system

Notes

1 The large city at Kabri, which was abandoned at the end of the MB II (Yassur-Landau et al. 2015), is a noteworthy exception.

2 It should be noted that most of the data for Finkelstein et al.’s study come from Megiddo and while the authors are cautious in their conclusions, datasets from other sites should be added to the study.

3 That is to say, no storage halls similar to those at Tel Hazor, where no storage vessels were unearthed, were found. Obviously, storage halls with a large number of storage vessels have been found (e.g., at the MB palace of Tel Kabri and the LB palace at Tel Hazor). In addition, silos were also found (e.g., Level VI at Lachish Area D [Ussishkin 2004: 299–300]); these, however, are beyond the scope of the current research.