Finnish iron and the Russian market, 1880–1913

Abstract

About five-sixths of the iron produced in Finland in the latter half of the nineteenth century was exported to Russia. In contrast, Sweden, Finland's former mother country, exported most of its iron to Western Europe. In the 1880s the production of iron in Finland and the export of iron products to Russia experienced a serious crisis, and by World War I iron exports had fallen to a fraction of the level before the crisis years.