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Abstract
The great economic and cultural variations to be found in the preindustrial peasant societies of nearly all European countries does not mean that any attempt to make generalizations about them must be abandoned. It does, however, imply that such generalizations as are made can be meaningful only if they are based on a large number of local case studies over as broad a spectrum as possible. In Scandinavia there is a powerful tradition, reaching back to the eighteenth century, of the writing of provincial, parish and village histories, although the scholarly standards achieved in these have been very variable, and some areas have been much better covered than others in this way. And individual farms have been looked at in detail in only exceptional cases.
I wish to acknowledge the generous financial help given by the British Academy and the Swedish Institute towards the research on which this article is based. And to express my thanks to the personnel of the Provincial Archives for Fyn in Odense, the Danish National Archives and Land Register Archives in Copenhagen, the Icelandic National Archives, the Provincial Archives in Lund and Uppsala, the County Land Survey Archives in Malmö and Kristianstad, the National Land Survey Archives in Gävle, the Swedish National Archives and Kammararkiv in Stockholm, and the Norwegian Local History Institute, Provincial Archives and National Archives in Oslo, to Professor Birgitta Odén of University of Lund, Dr. Knud Jespersen of the University of Odense and Dr. Harald Winge of the Local Histry Institute in Oslo for their guidance and encouragement, as well as to Lýður Björnsson of the Teachers Training College of Iceland, Dr. Winge and Landsarkivarie Anna Christina Meurling in Lund for reading the original manuscript and making many useful suggestions for its improvement.
I wish to acknowledge the generous financial help given by the British Academy and the Swedish Institute towards the research on which this article is based. And to express my thanks to the personnel of the Provincial Archives for Fyn in Odense, the Danish National Archives and Land Register Archives in Copenhagen, the Icelandic National Archives, the Provincial Archives in Lund and Uppsala, the County Land Survey Archives in Malmö and Kristianstad, the National Land Survey Archives in Gävle, the Swedish National Archives and Kammararkiv in Stockholm, and the Norwegian Local History Institute, Provincial Archives and National Archives in Oslo, to Professor Birgitta Odén of University of Lund, Dr. Knud Jespersen of the University of Odense and Dr. Harald Winge of the Local Histry Institute in Oslo for their guidance and encouragement, as well as to Lýður Björnsson of the Teachers Training College of Iceland, Dr. Winge and Landsarkivarie Anna Christina Meurling in Lund for reading the original manuscript and making many useful suggestions for its improvement.
Notes
I wish to acknowledge the generous financial help given by the British Academy and the Swedish Institute towards the research on which this article is based. And to express my thanks to the personnel of the Provincial Archives for Fyn in Odense, the Danish National Archives and Land Register Archives in Copenhagen, the Icelandic National Archives, the Provincial Archives in Lund and Uppsala, the County Land Survey Archives in Malmö and Kristianstad, the National Land Survey Archives in Gävle, the Swedish National Archives and Kammararkiv in Stockholm, and the Norwegian Local History Institute, Provincial Archives and National Archives in Oslo, to Professor Birgitta Odén of University of Lund, Dr. Knud Jespersen of the University of Odense and Dr. Harald Winge of the Local Histry Institute in Oslo for their guidance and encouragement, as well as to Lýður Björnsson of the Teachers Training College of Iceland, Dr. Winge and Landsarkivarie Anna Christina Meurling in Lund for reading the original manuscript and making many useful suggestions for its improvement.