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Abstract
The energetic parameters, such as glycogen, glucose, proteins, lactate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) activity in tissues and blood of carps from simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine) contaminated waters were investigated. In order to confirm the field results, a laboratory experiment was designed in which carps were exposed to simazine at the concentration level of 45 μ g. L− 1 (10-fold of the amount found in natural waters) for 90 days. Fish from a contaminated reservoir showed low glycogen concentrations in hepatopancreas and muscle, while fish in another contaminated reservoir showed high LDH activity together with an increase in lactate content in muscle. Laboratory findings did not confirm field results, and fish exposed to simazine did not show alterations in the parameters studied. The results suggest that carps were not stressed by the presence of the simazine at the concentration levels found in both studies and the mechanisms of defense covered the energetic demand.
Acknowledgments
Our acknowledgment to the Centro Nacional de Ciprinocultura “Vegas del Guadiana”, the Environmental Advisory of the Extremadura and to the Fishery Society of Cáceres for the supply of carps.
This study was financed by the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT) of Spain and the European Commision (Ref: 1FD1997-CO3-03). A.L. Oropesa was granted a pre-doctoral fellowship from National Plan “F.P.I.” through the Regional Government of “Junta de Extremadura”.
Notes
∗Indicates the mean is significantly different from the reference carp mean (p ≤ 0.05).