Mercury in European Blushers, Amanita rubescens, mushrooms and topsoils: Bioconcentration potential and intake assessment

Abstract

Total mercury content has been determined in fruiting bodies of European Blushers and topsoils collected from 11 sites across Poland in 2006-2008. Mercury analysis was carried out using a validated analytical method and cold-vapour atomic absorption (CV-AAS). The European Blusher effectively accumulated mercury in fruiting bodies. The mean values of total mercury in caps of European Blushers from background (uncontaminated) areas were from 0.22 to 1.0 (0.067-3.2) and in stipes from 0.16 to 0.65 (0.071-2.7) μg/g dry weight. In topsoil beneath to fruiting bodies, the median Hg concentration at 10 sites in Northern Poland varied between 0.030 and 0.072 (0.0096–0.19) μg/g dw, and in one site in Southern Poland was 0.20 (0.079–0.34) μg/g dw. Data on Hg in European Blushers from different countries were reviewed. The mean concentrations of total Hg in caps of European Blushers from two “pristine” sites in northern part of Poland were ∼1.0 μg/g dw. A meal made with 300–500 g of fresh caps of European Blushers collected at such sites (assuming 90% water content in caps) can result in Hg intake of 0.0003–0.0005 mg Hg/kg bm (assuming a 60 kg bm), which is a dose equipotent to a new provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value set for inorganic Hg.

Keywords:

• Bioconcentration
• Amanita rubescens
• food
• forest
• metals
• mushrooms
• soil
• wild food

Acknowledgments

Technical support from Ada Borkowska, Karolina Kokot, Katarzyna Młynarkiewicz, Arleta Naczk, Anita Sąpór, Agnieszka Zając and Marta Zielińska is acknowledged. This study has been supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education under grant no. DS-8130-4-0092- 1.