Dissipation and residues of imidacloprid in amaranth under greenhouse and open field cultivations

Abstract

Despite the extensive exposure to imidacloprid residues in food plants, there has been little research on imidacloprid residues in amaranth. The dissipation trend and residue behavior of imidacloprid were evaluated to provide guidelines for imidacloprid application on amaranth under open field and greenhouse. The dissipation rate of imidacloprid in amaranth conformed to the first-order kinetic equation, and the half-lives of imidacloprid in amaranth ranged from 0.29 days in open field to 1.29 days in the greenhouse. After 7 and 14 days from the application of imidacloprid (pesticide dosage, 45 or 67.5 g a.i./ha), the amaranth under the open field and greenhouse growth could be consumed safely with average residues of 0.19 and 0.38 mg/kg, respectively. This result demonstrated that the cultivation has the dominant influence on imidacloprid residue, and the residue of imidacloprid in amaranth planting on open field was much lower than that in the greenhouse, indicating a significant difference in the pesticide residues between the two cultivations with a p-value less than 0.05.

Keywords:

• Greenhouse
• open field
• maximum residue limit
• dose
• first-order kinetic

Acknowledgements

Mr. Bongono Casimir Fara was appreciated for his participation in the analysis of imidacloprid residues. We thanks for the helpful suggestion from Professor Qiufang Xu.

Author contributions

Yidong Guan: resources, draft writing, conceptualization, supervision, formal analysis, and funding acquisition; Feifei Huang: resources, and data curation; Chunwei Ma: funding, laboratory experiments and data curation; Jianlin Fan: data curation and editing; Guohui Hao: conception, resources, and laboratory experiments.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The authors confirms that the data supporting the find of this study, including the supporting materials, could be obtained upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

The first author would like to thanks the support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (226-2023-00077), and the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (1514052301048).