Cadmium and lead residues in field‐collected red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) and uptake by alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxiroides

Abstract

The whole‐body residues of Cd and Pb in the tissues of Louisiana swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) were determined by flame AAS technique. Test animals were collected from roadside ditches (18 locations) alongside major highways. The water and soil samples were also collected from the same sites. The mean Cd and Pb concentrations (mg/l) in crayfish tissues were 0.46 and 0.07, respectively. The levels of Cd and Pb in the water were 0.09 and 0.04; and in soil were 2.85 and 0.87 mg/l, respectively. The concentration of cadmium was 32 and Pb 12 times more than in the water. The bioaccumulation factors (BF) for Cd and Pb in crayfish tissues were 5.1 and 1.7, respectively.

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxiroides) plants were exposed to 0.5 mg/l Cd‐chloride or Pb‐nitrate solutions for 3 wk period, thrice. The mean Pb accumulation in roots was 1.31 mg/l, followed by stem (0.078 mg/l), but Cd only accumulated in root (0.83 mg/l). The BF for Pb and Cd in plant tissues were 14.8 and 16.6, respectively. The uptake of metals was time‐dependent (P = <0.01). These data suggest that although there is no biomagnification of Cd and Pb from alligator weed to crayfish, both metals readily accumulate in field‐collected crayfish and laboratory‐exposed alligator weed.

Key words:

• Residues
• bioaccumulation
• heavy metals
• Cd
• Pb
• crayfish
• alligator weed
• soil
• water
• Louisiana