Factors Affecting Volunteering Among Older Rural and City Dwelling Adults in Australia

Abstract

In the absence of large scale Australian studies of volunteering among older adults, this study compared the relevance of two theoretical approaches—social capital theory and sociostructural resources theory—to predict voluntary activity in relation to a large national database. The paper explores volunteering by older people (aged 55+) in order to assess differences in volunteering in the Australian context. A model was developed that comprised social capital variables (organizational membership, religious affiliation, marital status, and migrant status) and sociostructural variables (education, work status, income, gender, and health status). Logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between these variables and volunteering, and the interaction effects with two key factors relevant to the Australian context, age cohort and locality. Overall, these results suggest (a) that reliance on bivariate analysis for understanding volunteering may hide a more complex picture associated with older people volunteering, and (b) that neither social capital theory nor sociostructural resource theory adequately predicts volunteering by older Australians, but that generational theories may provide added strength to future analyses.

The authors thank the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) for allowing us access to the GSS 2000 Confidentialized Unit Record Files through the agreement between the ABS and the Australian Vice Chancellors' Committee. We also thank Michele Haynes, statistician with the University of Queensland Social Research Center, for statistical advice. Also, thanks to Andrea Petriwskyj for editorial assistance in finalizing this paper.

Notes

∗p < .05, ∗∗p < .01, ∗∗∗p < .001.

n.s. = not significant.

^aOnly significant interactions reported.