Looking back: An analysis of reminiscence functions and triggers

Abstract

The purpose of this study was two-fold: to determine if hypothesized functions and triggers of reminiscence are empirically supported by a Reminiscence Uses Scale and Reminiscence Triggers Scale, and to determine if functions can be predicted from triggers and subject variables. Ninety-one elderly residents of retirement communities completed the paper and pencil survey instrument. A factor analysis of the Reminiscence Uses Scale yielded three factor subscales: Self-Regard/Image Enhancement, Present Problem Solving, and Existential/Self-Understanding. In contrast, five factor subscales were extracted from the Reminiscence Triggers Scale: Death Awareness/Resignation, Death Awareness-Other, Realization of Goals/Accomplishments, Changes/Threats to Body, and Change in Career/ Life's Direction. A multiple regression analysis indicated that Self-Regard/ Image Enhancement was predicted by Realization of Goals/Accomplishments and Reminiscence Frequency; Present Problem Solving was predicted by Death Awareness/Resignation; and Existential/Self-Understanding by Changes/Threats to Body and Life Review. These findings support a basic distinction between inter- and intrapersonal reminiscence, suggest a relationship between contemporaneous experiences and memories, and lend empirical support to the construct validity of earlier theoretical views on reminiscence in old age.