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Original Articles

Passive smoking and postpartum depression among Chinese women: A prospective cohort study in Tianjin, China

, , , , , , , & show all
Pages 281-293 | Received 09 Oct 2017, Accepted 28 Mar 2018, Published online: 17 Aug 2018
 

ABSTRACT

Smoking has been associated with depression in the general population. Whether passive smoking is also associated with postpartum depression (PPD) is uncertain. From 2010 to 2012, we recruited 8,842 pregnant women in Tianjin, China. The mainland Chinese version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to evaluate postpartum depressive symptoms after birth, with a score of >9 defining PPD. Data were collected using specially designed questionnaires or data from the electronic database of Tianjin Maternal and Child Health Information System. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) were obtained for the association of smoking status with PPD using binary logistic regression. Passive smoke exposure rates before and during pregnancy were 40.9 percent and 52.1 percent, respectively. A total of 8.5% (n = 747) of participants had PPD. Compared with those not exposed, women passively exposed to smoke before and during pregnancy had higher odds of PPD (before pregnancy: OR: 1.24, 95 percent CI: 1.03–1.50; during pregnancy: OR: 1.43, 95 percent CI: 1.16–1.77) after adjustment for confounding factors. Passive smoking before and during pregnancy were associated with PPD in Chinese women. Reducing passive smoke exposure may reduce PPD in Chinese women; further longitudinal studies are warranted to replicate these findings.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank all the doctors, nurses, and research staffs from the sixty-five community hospitals, six district-level women, and children’s health centers, Tianjin Women and Children’s Health Center and other secondary obstetric or tertiary hospitals in Tianjin, for their participation in this study.

Competing interests

The authors declared no conflicts of interest to this manuscript.

Additional information

Funding

This project was supported by BRIDGES (Grant number: LT09-227). BRIDGES is an International Diabetes Federation Programme supported by an educational grant from Lilly Diabetes; Lilly Diabetes educational grant [LT09-227].

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