Physical frailty and health outcomes of fitness, hormones, psychological and disability in institutionalized older women: an exploratory association study

ABSTRACT

Little is known about symptoms associated with frailty in institutionalized Portuguese older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association of frailty with diverse geriatric health characteristics. Cross-sectional data from 140 women aged between 75 and 85 years were analyzed. Data were collected between March and June, 2016. Fried’s definition of physical frailty, psychological, sex hormones, disability and physical fitness outcomes were examined. The prevalence of frailty was 40%. Frail women had lower scores in cognitive and physical fitness, and higher scores for depressive symptoms and comorbidities. Significant correlations emerged between frailty and disability, fear of falling, aerobic resistance and cognition. Regression analyses and Receiver Operating Only aerobic resistance (sensitivity [93–96%]; specificity [74–77%], p = .001) and cognition (sensitivity [77–88%]; specificity [65–71%], p < .001) remained in the equation as independently related to physical frailty. A trend of significant differences in lower systolic blood pressure may reflect being less physically active and/or having more systemic comorbidity. Fried’s model can be considered applicable. The 2-minute step test and the Mini Mental State Examination could better identify frail populations. The role of blood pressure and level of education in physical frailty status needs to be further explored.

KEYWORDS:

• Cognition
• disability
• Frail-older adults
• physical fitness
• sex steroid hormones

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the all social and health care support that accepted to participate in this study, the master degree students for volunteering.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financed by FEDER funds through COMPETE and national funds through FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology in the framework of project [PTDC/DTP-DES/0154/2012]. GF was financed by a grant from CAPES/CNPQ—Ministry of Education, Brazil [BEX: 11929/13-8]. AT JF and GF are registered at CIDAF [UID/PTD/ 04213/2019].