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Hemoglobin
international journal for hemoglobin research
Volume 47, 2023 - Issue 5
73
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Research Articles

Prevalence, Severity, and Determinants of Pain in Thalassemia

, ORCID Icon, , , &
Pages 191-197 | Received 29 Jul 2022, Accepted 07 Oct 2023, Published online: 20 Nov 2023
 

Abstract

As the life expectancy in thalassemia is improving, pain is being recognized as an emerging problem. To document the pain prevalence and severity in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia all transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients >10 years of age (n = 165) attending the Thalassemia Day Care Center were assessed for pain prevalence, severity, and its effect on various life activities using the Brief Pain Inventory. Their medical records were reviewed for the presence of various co-morbidities. Pain was reported by 62.4% of participants with 35.2% and 59.4% of participants, reporting pain in the past 1 and 4 weeks respectively. A significantly higher pain prevalence was reported in females (p = .037), patients residing in urban areas (p = .038), and employed participants (p = .038). The commonest sites of pain were the lower back and calves. General activity (p = .02) and enjoyment of life (p = .02) were significantly affected due to pain in patients between 21 and 30 years of age. Female participants reported interference of pain with mood (p = .03). A significant correlation of pain prevalence was found with higher average serum ferritin (p = .015), moderate to severe liver iron concentration (p = .04), and lower levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels (p = .03). Pain is an emerging cause of morbidity in thalassemia. The study found a significant association of pain with modifiable factors such as serum ferritin, LIC, and 25 (OH) vitamin D levels.

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge MD Anderson for granting the license to use BPI in the study. We are also immensely grateful to all individuals with thalassemia who participated in the study and Thalassemia International Federation.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this article.

Additional information

Funding

The author(s) reported no funding associated with the work featured in this article.

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