Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Iraqi Patients with Sickle Cell Disease

Abstract

Silent ischemic infarcts have been reported to be the most frequent neurological abnormalities in sickle cell disease (SCD) in several studies worldwide. However, no previous studies investigated this neurological disorder in Iraqi SCD patients. To address this issue, a total of 52 patients with a median age of 20 years (range 10–46) and including 46.2% males were enrolled. Patients were clinically evaluated and their records were reviewed. They had full blood and reticulocyte counts, hemoglobin F estimation, serum lactic dehydrogenase and bilirubin assayed, as well as brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to screen for silent cerebral infarcts. Six out of the 52 patients (11.5%) had silent cerebral infarcts, all of which were in the deep white matter, ranging from 6 to 10 mm in their largest diameters. There were no significant differences in age, sex, or sickle cell genotype between those with silent cerebral infarcts and those without it. Those with silent cerebral infarcts had lower median hemoglobin, higher reticulocytes and lower pain frequencies than those without it, yet again this was not significant. Follow up MRI in four out of the six silent infarct patients showed no additional lesions and no increase in size of the original ones after six to eight months. In conclusion, it appears that the frequency of silent cerebral infarcts in Iraqi SCD patients is lower than the bulk of the literature from other populations. Further studies to screen for genetic polymorphisms that may explain this lower rate may be informative.

Keywords:

• Sickle cell disease (SCD)
• silent cerebral infarcts (SCIs)
• stroke
• Iraq

Acknowledgment

We acknowledge with gratitude the help and support of the Dr. Salim K. Ibrahim of the Jin Inherited blood disorder center and all the patients and their families who made this research possible.

Disclosure statement

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and the writing of this article.

Additional information

Funding

None to declare.