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Original Articles

Political apologia: The ritual of self‐defense

Pages 306-316 | Published online: 02 Jun 2009
 

Abstract

The need for presidential candidates to defend their character was especially strong in the 1976 campaign, partly because “trust” was a major issue in the campaign and partly because the media, reacting to their failures through most of the Nixon administration, were more aggressive. The persistent probes of the media also brought about a change in defense strategies.

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