Starch flow behavior alone and under different glidants action using the shear cell method

Abstract

The objective of this work was to analyze the flow behavior of a commonly used filler (pregelatinised starch) and the effect of two of the most used lubricants (talc and colloidal silicon dioxide). The studies were carried out according to the conventional methods (Angle of Repose, Bulk and Tapped densities and from these the Compressibility Index) and shear cell methods (Brookfield Powder Flow Tester apparatus) described in European Pharmacopeia (Ph. Eur.). The results showed some surprising and unexpected values for the flow behavior of this filler under influence of the methods and the used glidants. Regarding pure starch and mixtures containing talc, the flow behavior was similar between them and the Flow Index (ff_c) values varied between 1.8 and 4 (very cohesive and cohesive) as consolidation stress (σ₁) increased. In this case, the glidant effect was not observed. However, for the mixtures of starch with colloidal silicon dioxide this effect was observed providing Flow Index (ff_c) values between 2.6 and 8.9 (cohesive and easy-flowing) as consolidation stress (σ₁) increased. Other parameters that are also used to characterize flow properties, more specifically, within silos, chutes and hoppers, such as effective angle of internal friction (φe), effective angle of wall friction (φx), critical arching and critical rathole values, provided similar information. Based in the obtained results from all tests it can be said that the talc did not induce improvement on the starch flow behavior in the used conditions in opposition to the effect produced by colloidal silicon dioxide.

Highlights

• Example 1. A good flowability of powders is needed in order to be compressed/filled;

• Example 2. The overcome the poor flow it is usual to use glidants;

• Example 3. CSD improved the pregelatinised starch (Starch 1500®) flow;

• Example 4. Talc do not have relevant effect in the pregelatinised starch (Starch 1500®) flow;

• Example 5. Powder FlowTester method showed more complete and consistent results.

Keywords:

• Powder behavior
• glidants
• flow index
• shear cell
• pregelatinised starch
• talc
• colloidal silicon dioxide

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, which is financed by national funds from FCT/MCTES (UIDB/04378/2020).