Maize growth and yield as affected by wheat residues and irrigation management in a no-tillage system

Abstract

Determining the proper rate of wheat residues incorporation into the soil under a wheat–maize double cropping system is an important issue in southern parts of Iran, where these two irrigated crops are consecutively grown. A 2-year experiment (2010–2011) was conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat residue incorporation rates (25%, 50% and 75%) and irrigation intervals (12, 16 and 20 days) on yield and growth of maize under no-tillage system compared to control without residue and under conventional tillage (CT) at the College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. The experiment was conducted as a split plot arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that increased irrigation intervals reduced the plant height (14.6%), leaf-area index (12.9%), rows (10.1%) and grains per ear (29.8%), thousand grain weight (6.9%), grain (33.8%) and biological yield (24.2) and harvest index (23.2%). Water deficit had no significant effect on soil organic matter and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. Under 12 and 20 days irrigation intervals, the highest grain yields were obtained with 12.7 and 8.6 t ha⁻¹ in CT and 25% residue incorporation into soil, respectively. Therefore, according to the results of this 2-year study, realized incorporation of 25% wheat residue soil covering percentage is recommended for this area with limited water resources.

Keywords:

• conventional tillage
• conservation tillage
• soil organic matter
• carbon-to-nitrogen ratio