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Abstract
The Sichuan Basin Region is important composition part of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Eco-environment change in this region exerts important effect to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The forest cover had hugely been reduced from the 1950s to the mid-1970s, and it has obviously been increased since the end of the 1970s, because that the reforestation project has been implemented. The water source conservation capacity in the studied watersheds has been getting better through study and analysis of the methods for assessment of the forest hydrologic effect. It is found that the method of index of the water source conservation capacity can be used to assessment of the forest water source conservation in the big scale watershed in the studied region. In addition, the retention water capacity of the different vegetation vertical zones in the typical mountain in the north-western Sichuan Basin was studied, its result provides the base for protection and building of the forest ecosystem in the mountain area in the studied region.