Influence of salinity level on sediment denitrification in a Louisiana estuary receiving diverted Mississippi River water

Abstract

The Mississippi River water containing elevated nitrate is being diverted into Louisiana coastal estuaries to abate wetland deterioration attributed to lack of sediment and nutrients, rapid subsidence and accompanying salt water intrusion. In this study effect of salinity change on sediment denitrification at a Mississippi River freshwater diversion site (Davis Pond, Louisiana) was determined. Results show that the denitrification potential of the sediment was highest under fresh water condition (salinity close to 0‰). Addition of sea water immediately inhibited the denitrification activity of the sediment. Further analysis, by separate treatment of NaCl and K₂SO₄ addition, revealed that inhibition of the denitrification of the sediment by sea water was mainly caused by NaCl content in sea water. Denitrification activity of the sediment was not significantly affected by the sulfate content in sea water. Salinity increase seems a primary reason for the sediment denitrification rate decrease. A significant inverse relationship of denitrification rate and salinity was obtained [denitrification rate (mg N kg⁻¹ day⁻¹) = −0.20 × salinity(‰) + 10.41, R² = 0.91]. Under highest sea water condition (salinity = 36‰), denitrification rate of the sediment would be 30.8% of its original activity (salinity = 0‰).

Keywords:

• denitrification
• salinity
• nitrous oxide
• wetland
• sea level rise; Mississippi River; coast

Acknowledgements

This work was supported in part by the Louisiana Department of Natural Resources and by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-214-F00003).