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Original Articles

Microflora activity and chemical properties of Podzoluvisol in field experiment with different manures

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Pages 507-521 | Received 15 May 1999, Published online: 15 Dec 2008
 

Abstract

A crop rotation field study with manure application was established at Tartu in 1985. Biological and chemical properties were evaluated on fine sandy loam Podzoluvisol in May 1989. The treatments included unmanured (No and N80) controls, two peat based composts and five manures of different origin. The procedures of the most probable number (MPN) and spread plate counts were used for microbiological investigation, but also enzymatic activities, nitrogen forms, total‐C and pH were simultaneously estimated in plough layer soil. The most variable i.e. the most clearly differentiated physiological groups within manures were cellulolytic and ammonifying bacteria followed by Azotobacter spp. together with actinomycetes. Abundance of aerobic cellulolytic and ammonifying bacteria correlated positively with the number of soil algae and fungi, and negatively with nitrate‐ and nitrite‐reductase. The number of actinomycetes correlated positively with urease and catalase activity. Soil enzymatic activity was mainly modified by nitrite‐reductase. Peat composts had the highest C‐content and highest pH value compared with other soils. Pig slurry and NH4NO3 (N80) treatment had the highest level of fixed NH+ 4 ‐ions in soil. Nine months after manure application no differences were found in the unstable NO 3content of soil. Variation in the number of the studied microbial physiological groups between treatments remained insignificant.

Der Versuchsstandort am südlichen Stadtrand von Tartu wurde im Frühjahr 1985 auf lehmiger Parabraunerde gegründet. 1985 wurden vor Kartoffeln und 1988 vor Winterweizen verschiedene Formen organischer Düngung eingesetzt und die jeweilige Nachwirkung geprüft. Dazu sind im Mai 1989 Bodenproben für mikrobiologische und bodenchemische Analysen aus dem Ap‐Horizont (2–20 cm) entnommen worden. Von der organischen Düngung wurden zellulosezersetzende und ammonifizierende Bakterien stärker beeinflußt als Azotobacteria ssp. und Actinomyceten. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf qualitative Veränderungen in der Mikroflora des Bodens hin, wobei jedoch die Variation sehr hoch war. Die zellulosezersetzenden und ammonifizierenden Bakterien korrelieren positiv mit den Algen und Mikropilzen sowie negativ mit Nitrat‐und Nitritreduktasen. Eine positive Korrelation wurde auch zwischen Actinomyceten und der Urease‐ bzw. Katalaseaktivität im Boden festgestellt. In den Varianten mit Torfkompost‐Düngung wurden deutlich höhere C‐Gehalte und pH‐Werte als in den anderen Varianten gefunden. Die NH+ 4‐Fixierung war am höchsten nach Schweinegülle und NH4NO3‐Düngung.

Notes

Address for correspondence: Arno Kanal, Estonian Agricultural University, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, EE 2400, Tartu, Estonia. Fax: 372–7–42 50 71, e‐mail: [email protected]

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