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ABSTRACT
Most man-made satellites carry instrumentation whose data are telemetered to the ground. Some of them include unmodulated continuous wave transmitters devised for investigating propagation through the ionosphere as continuous waves are then affected by various factors bearing upon their amplitude, fréquency and polarization.
Amplitude measurement will hence apply to wave absorption when passing through the ionosphere; fréquency measurement (Doppler-Fizeau effect) to the study of refraction, and polarization measurement of the in-coming signal (Faraday effect) to determining the total electron content included in a vertical column of 1:1 section, along the sub-ionospheric path of the satellite.
Amplitude measurement will also allow amplitude measurements during scintillations, yielding information as to ionospheric inhomogeneity.