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ABSTRACT
The multiple-beam klystrons (MBKs) are well known for some distinct performance advantages over their single-beam versions. The advantages of the MBKs include higher average power, relatively lower operating voltages, higher bandwidth, and low individual beam current. However, the design of the MBKs is more extensive and requires thorough and careful three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations and analysis. In this article, design of a four-beam klystron compatible with a predesigned electron gun is reported. Starting with simple analytical approach, detailed design and electromagnetic simulation results of the radiofrequency (RF) cavities are presented. Uniformity of the RF coupling between the external circuitry and the cavity RF field has been investigated in detail with the help of commercially available three-dimensional electromagnetic design code. A cold-test model of the RF cavity has been fabricated and its resonant frequency has been characterized experimentally. Design of the individual cavities, electromagnetic analysis of the same, simulation results of the beam-wave interaction, as well as the experimental frequency characterization of a fabricated cavity is presented in this paper.
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Notes on contributors
A.K. Bandyopadhyay
Ayan Kumar Bandyopadhyay is working as a principal scientist in the Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, India, since 2010. He has done MSc (Physics) and MTech (Microwaves) degrees from Burdwan University, Burdwan, West Bengal, in 1998 and 2001, respectively. He has obtained his PhD degree from Otto-von-Guericke University, Germany, with distinction (Summa-cum-laude) and worked as a postdoctoral fellow in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), France. During his postdoctoral research, he has contributed in designing the higher order mode-free radiofrequency accelerating cavities of the ESRF. Dr Bandyopadhyay was a visiting fellow at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Perugia, Italy, and at the Deutsche Electronen Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany. His current research interests include design and development of microwave components, systems and high power microwave tubes.
E-mail: [email protected].
L.M. Joshi
Lalit Mohan Joshi is emeritus scientist at Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani. He did his MSc degree in Physics from Kumaon University, Nainital, and PhD degree in electronics engineering from Institute of Technology, BHU, Varanasi. He has worked in projects on development of M-carcinotrons, crossed-field amplifiers, and coupled cavity TWTs. Currently, he is heading the Klystron Development Group at CEERI and is chief investigator of three strategically important projects funded by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, and Defense Research Development Organization (DRDO), Delhi. Dr Joshi has visited Lancaster University (UK), FZK, Karlsruhe, and DESY Hamburg (Germany), Stanford University (USA), and Sweden as visiting scientist, where he worked in R&D related to CCTWT, gyrotron, and klystrons. He is life fellow of IETE, Indian Vacuum Society, IFTA, and Indian Physics Association. He has about 50 papers published in national and international journals and conference proceedings to his credit.
E-mail: [email protected]
D. Pal
Debasish Pal was born in the year 1975. He received his BTech degree from Bangalore University. He received his MTech degree from University of Burdwan. Currently, he is pursuing his PhD degree from Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee. He is currently working in Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, as a senior scientist. He has worked on high-power vacuum microwave devices particularly in pulsed and CW klystrons. His area of interest are klystron, antenna, microwave passive devices, and meta-material.
E-mail: [email protected]
D. Kant
Deepender Kant is working as a senior scientist in the CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, India. He has done BE (Hons.) in Electronics & Communication Engineering from University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and MTech (Hons.) in Electronics Engineering from IIT-BHU, Varansai. His current research interests include design and development of microwave components, systems and high-power microwave tubes, and he has contributed to about 25 papers in international and national conference proceedings and journals. He is a life member of Indian Physics Association, IETE, and VEDA society.
E-mail: [email protected]
R. Meena
Rakesh Meena was born in the year 1976. He received his Diploma in Electronics Engineering from Board of Technical Education, Rajasthan, in 1997. He is working in Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, as technical assistant since 2009. He is involved in the development of high-power vacuum microwave devices, particularly in pulsed and CW klystrons. His areas of interest are fabrication of high-power microwave tubes and vacuum electronic devices, hot and cold characterization of the high-power microwave tubes, etc.
E-mail: [email protected]
B. Kumar
Bijendra Kumar was born in the year 1983. He received his Diploma in Mechanical Engineering from Board of Technical Education, Uttar Pradesh, in 2006. He is working in Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, as technical assistant since 2011. He is involved in the development of high-power vacuum microwave devices, particularly in pulsed and CW klystrons. His areas of interest are vacuum electronic devices, thermal and structural analysis of the high-power microwave devices, etc.
E-mail: [email protected]
S. Maity
Santigopal Maity is working as assistant professor in the Purulia Government Engineering College, Purulia, West Bengal. He has obtained his BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from Mallabhum Institute of Technology, Bishnupur, Bankura, West Bengal, under West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata. He had qualified the All India Based Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) examination in 2009. Mr Maity has received his MTech degree in electronics & communication engineering (microwaves) from the University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal, India, in 2011. During the MTech final year, he has carried out the project work on multiple-beam klystrons in the Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan.
E-mail: [email protected]
V.S. Rawat
Vikram Singh Rawat was born in the year 1986. He received his Diploma in Electronics Engineering from Board of Technical Education, Rajasthan, in 2007 and BE degree in electronics and communication engineering from Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, in 2010. He is working in Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, as technical assistant since 2011. He is involved in the development of high-power vacuum microwave devices, particularly in pulsed and CW klystrons. His areas of interest are vacuum electronic devices, hot and cold characterization of the high-power microwave tubes, etc.
E-mail: [email protected]
S. Saha
Sukalyan Saha was born in the year 1990. He received his BTech degree in electronics and communication engineering from West Bengal University of Technology in 2012. He received his MTech degree from AcSIR in 2014. During 2012–2014, he has simultaneously worked as a trainee scientist in Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani. He has worked in the area of multiple-beam klystrons.
E-mail: [email protected]