The current issue of the IETE Journal of Research (Vol.63, No.4, July–August 2017) contains 15 articles. These articles present on-going research and developments taking place in the broad areas of Microelectronics, Electromagnetics, Communication Engineering, Power Systems and Biomedical Engineering.
The paper entitled ‘A 2-D potential based threshold voltage model analysis and comparison of junctionless symmetric double gate vertical slit FET’ presents a 2-D potential based analytical model of threshold voltage for a junctionless symmetric double gate vertical slit field effect transistor using the 2-D Poisson equation. The model considers the effects of different device parameters such as threshold voltage of the device, geometric gate length etc. and is compared with a conventional MOSFET device. The analytical model is compared with 2-D TCAD simulation studies and inferences are drawn from the comparisons.
The next paper, ‘A GPU-based approach for automatic segmentation of white matter lesions’, investigates the use of an unsupervised method for segmentation of white matter lesions in the human brain from MR images. The processing steps are presented along with the output in the form of volumetric information and 3D visualization of lesions that can be used for inference purposes. A key aspect of the work is the use of GPUs to improve the processing efficiency that is discussed in the paper.
The following paper, entitled ‘A precise design for testing high-speed embedded memory using a BIST circuit’, presents a high-speed built-in self-test design for embedded static random access memory and one-port register file IP testing. The design aims to achieve high speed for the embedded memory for which pipeline is incorporated. Several SRAM cases and one-port RF chips are fabricated in 28 nm low-leakage process.
In the next paper, ‘Algorithms for sample and waste-aware multiple concentration dilution preparation with digital micro-fluidic biochips’, an algorithm for sample and waste-aware multiple concentration dilution preparation with a micro-fluidic biochip of lab-on-chip is presented. It considers minimization of sample and waste droplets in the process of generating multi-gradient target concentration factors. The paper compares the proposed method with other dilution techniques through simulation studies including the on-chip storage requirement.
The next paper, ‘An empirical study of aggregation operators with Pareto dominance in multi-objective genetic algorithm’, presents the study of aggregation operators in place of density based indicator mechanism for preferential solution in multi-objective optimization problems such as genetic algorithms. The results of a proposed aggregation function are compared with other aggregation functions from the literature and inferences are drawn from the study.
The paper ‘Design of a CLC filter for flyback-type micro-inverters of grid-connected photovoltaic system’, presents design of a CLC filter for current source inverter for photovoltaic systems. The performance improvement due to current ripple reduction compared to CL filter is obtained. The paper also investigates different passive damping methods. Simulation studies with the CLC filter and experimental results are given in the paper.
In the paper ‘Design of low noise, flat gain CMOS-based ultra-wideband low noise amplifier for cognitive radio application’, the design of an ultra-wideband low noise amplifier in the 50 MHz to 10 GHz band for cognitive radio application for adaptive noise cancellation is given. The performance of the design is obtained through simulation studies and is presented.
The following paper, ‘Information estimation with node placement strategy in 3D wireless sensor networks’, presents a sensing algorithm for 3D wireless sensor networks using the dodecahedron topology. An information estimation algorithm is given to extract the information from each dodecahedron cluster. The paper also considers the placement of nodes in 3D and their deployment to maximize the information accuracy. The paper presents simulation studies to corroborate the different algorithms.
The paper ‘Linear precoding techniques for OFDM-based NOMA over frequency-selective fading channels’ gives a pre-coded non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) system for radio access. The problem of peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) is addressed and a precoding technique that combines Walsh Hadamard transform and Zadoff Chu transform is designed. The paper gives link analysis in terms of PAPR, spectral efficiency, bit error rate and computational complexity. The performance of the system is analyzed using simulation studies.
The paper entitled ‘Management of inventory for periodically reviewed goods using discrete higher order sliding mode’ presents an inventory control mechanism in which orders are replenished with delay time. Uncertainties in customer demand are modeled and higher order sliding mode control law based replenishing method is designed in state space framework. The method is studied using simulations and inferences are made.
The next paper, entitled ‘Power divider / combiner using half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) technology with high power and high isolation’, presents a power divider/combiner with HMSIW and microstrip transmission lines with high isolation. It is intended for high power applications. The design method is presented and the circuit performance is analyzed using a 3D EM simulator. The design is further fabricated and the results of simulation and measurement are compared. Some of the advantages of the design are reported as low cost, good insertion loss and return loss, good channel isolation, and compatibility with planar circuits.
In the paper ‘Range resolution enhancement using root-MUSIC analysis in CTFM sonar for bandwidth-limited applications’, a study of the application of root-MUSIC to continuous time frequency modulation (CTFM) systems is presented. The paper identifies a problem in dual demodulator CTFM (DDCTFM) in that it does not achieve higher range resolution compared to CTFM as originally intended. This motivates the study of the super-resolution MUSIC technique for evaluating the efficacy in improving the range resolution compared to classical CTFM based on DFT analysis. The paper gives simulation analysis and results of lab experiments to demonstrate the improvement in range resolution using root-MUSIC over DFT based CTFM analysis.
The paper entitled ‘Single-feed circularly polarized flared-U fractal boundary microstrip antenna’ presents the design and study of a flared-U type fractal patch antenna for linear and circular polarization. The paper presents the simulation studies using finite element method on HFSS EM simulation tool in terms of return loss and axial ratio bandwidth.
The next paper, ‘Stability analysis in top-contact and side-contact graphene nano-ribbon interconnects’, presents analysis of the relative stability of copper, top-contact and side-contact multilayer graphene nano-ribbon based interconnects for use as VLSI chip interconnect. The interconnect model is presented along with the transfer function representation. Bode stability analysis is performed as function of interconnect length, width and inferences are drawn from the study.
In the paper ‘Vision-based heading and lateral deviation estimation for indoor navigation of a quadrotor’, a method for the navigation of a quadrotor in indoor corridor environment using camera sensor is described. The vehicle position and heading are estimated using the method of grid based vanishing point detection with two successive frames. The results of experiments are described along with the inferences drawn from the study.
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