Antenna Pattern Synthesis Using the Quasi Newton Method, Firefly and Particle Swarm Optimization Techniques

Abstract

Array antennas play an important role in different communication systems. In the synthesis of array antennas, different important parameters like pattern shape, side lobe level reduction, placement of nulls, and beam width are to be considered. Array antenna synthesis is done on different types of antennas to generate different shaped beams for practical applications. Optimization methods like the Quasi Newton method (QNM), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Firefly optimization (FF) are used in determining different shaped patterns. In array synthesis as the number of elements increases the pattern converges to that of the desired pattern with the square of the difference approaching zero. QNM reduces the error function in very less number of iterations for the generation of stair step and Ramp shape patterns, when compared with PSO and Firefly algorithms in all array configurations. When the number of elements in the linear array is 80, 100, 200 Firefly has better performance than the PSO algorithm. The height of ripples reduced as the number of elements increases for both Ramp pattern and stair step pattern. Convergence plots for all array configurations are plotted and error values for each iteration for all elements are measured.

Keywords:

• Array synthesis
• Firefly algorithm
• Optimization
• Particle swarm optimization
• Quasi Newton method
• Shaped patterns

Additional information

Notes on contributors

R. Krishna Chaitanya

R Krishna Chaitanya is currently working as assistant professor in the ECE Department in SRKR Engineering College Bhimavaram. He received BTech degree from RMK Engineering College, University of Madras in 2003 and MTech degree from SRM University in 2005. His current research interests include array antennas, patch antennas, optimization methods.

G.S.N. Raju

GSN Raju is currently working as Vice Chancellor Centurion University. He received his BTech and MTech with distinction and first rank from Andhra University. He received a PhD from IIT Kharagpur. He guided 55 PhDs in the field of anennas, microwave engineering, EMI/EMC, electronic circuits. He has more than 470 research papers both in conference/journals in varies national/international publications. He is the recipient of The State Best Teacher Award from the Government of Andhra Pradesh in 1999, The Best Researcher Award in 1994, Prof Aiya Memorial National IETE Award for his best Research guidance in 2008 and Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Award for the Best Academician of the year 2007. He was a visiting professor in the University of Paderborn and also in the University Karlsruhe, Germany in 1994. He held the positions of principal, Andhra University College of Engineering (A), Visakhapatnam, Chief Editor of National Journal of Electromagnetic Compatibility. Published 11 textbooks in the areas of Antennas and Wave Propagation, Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission Lines, Electronics Devices and Circuits, Microwave Engineering, Radar Engineering and Navigational Aids. Email: [email protected]

K.V.S.N. Raju

KVSN Raju obtained his BE(ECE) from AU College of Engineering in 1977, ME from Madras University in 1980 and PhD from Andhra University. He has 38 years of teaching experience. His areas of interest include electronics, communication systems and antennas. He is a fellow of IETE and a member of IEEE. Email: [email protected]

P. Mallikarjuna Rao

P Mallikarjuna Rao is currently working as professor in the department of ECE in Andhra University, Vizag. He received BE degree, MTech and PhD from Andhra University. He has more than 32 years of teaching experience. He has published more than 92 research papers in varied national/international conferences/journals. He is a Fellow of IETE, Member of Society of EMC Engineers (I) and Member of ISTE. Email: [email protected]