Design of Beam Steering-Switching Array for 5G S-Band Adaptive Antenna Applications – Part-I and Part-II

Abstract

In this research work, a design of different Microwave Components for the proposed beam steering-switching array is presented. In order to achieve beam steering, two different schemes namely Beam Steering Array using Hybrid Directional Coupler and Beam Steering Array using Switched Line Phase Shifters are proposed for improvement of performance parameters like Directivity, Side Lobe Level, Beam-width, number of Maxima directions and Bandwidth. These planar microwave components are designed for 5G, S-band applications. A design procedure is derived in detail for E-Shape single element slot antenna, Wilkinson Power Divider, Hybrid Directional Coupler, Loaded Line Phase Shifter and Switched Line Phase Shifter around 3.6 GHz with necessary simulation results. For the design of beam steering array, the E-shape slot antenna is utilized with line feed and quarter-wave transformer for impedance matching. Compared to normal patch, slot antenna parameters are improved with Return Loss (S11) is −26.32 dB, VSWR is 1.08 and Directivity is 7.6 dBi at 3.6 GHz and 7.39 dBi at 2.4 GHz. Hybrid Directional Coupler parameters are, S11 is −20.83 dB, S21 is −3.39 dB, S31 is −3.56 dB and S41 is −23.78 dB. Performance parameters of Wilkinson Power Divider are, S11 is −28.65 dB, S21 is −3.46 dB and S31 is −3.46 dB. To apply phase shift for array elements, Loaded Line and Switched Line Phase Shifters using PIN diodes (MA4SPS402) are designed. For Loaded Line Phase shifter, phase of S21 with phase shifter is −53.03° and without phase shifter is −23.72°. For Switched Line Phase shifter, phase of S21 with phase shifter is 139.49° and without phase shifter is 47.03°.

Keywords:

• Adaptive antenna
• Beam steering-switching array
• Directivity
• Hybrid directional coupler
• Loaded line phase shifter
• Switched line phase shifter
• Wilkinson power divider

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Authors are thankful to Dr. Mahesh Abegaonkar, Associate Professor, IIT Delhi, India, for rendering the valuable guidance and providing the necessary hardware and software support to carry out all fabrication and measurements at IIT Delhi, Centre for Applied Research in Electronics (CARE).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Vidya P. Kodgirwar

Vidya P Kodgirwar received her degree in electronics and telecommunication in 2001 from Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad and master’s degree in electronics engineering from JNEC, Dr BAM University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Presently, she is pursuing her PhD from SPPU, Pune. She is now an assistant professor at the Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, PES’s Modern College of Engineering, SPP University, Pune. Her research interests are focused on adaptive antenna design and beam-forming algorithms as well as embedded system designs. She has (co)authored more than 20 research papers in international refereed journals and conferences.

Shankar B. Deosarkar

Shankar B Deosarkar received PhD in electronics engineering from SGGS College of Engineering and Technology Nanded, Swami Ramanand Tirth Marathwada University, Nanded. Presently he is working as a professor in the Department of E&TC of Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere. His research interests are in EMI/EMC, wireless communication, micro-strip antenna design, and optical communication. His research publications in the international journals and conferences are more than 120. He is working in the present university as a first faculty since January 1990 and had worked in various capacities such as controller of examinations, professor, professor and HoD, principal, member of Academic and Executive Council, member of IETE, IEEE, for more than 25 years. Email: [email protected]

Kalyani R. Joshi

Kalyani R Joshi received her PhD in electronics engineering from College of Engineering Pune, SPP University, Pune, Maharashtra. Presently, she is working as a professor in the Department of E&TC of PES’s Modern College of Engineering, Pune. Her research interests are in signal processing, image processing, wireless communication, micro-strip antenna design, and optical communication. Her research publications in the international journals and conferences are more than 40. She had worked in various capacities such as principal, controller of examinations, professor and head of the department, chair of WIE-IEEE Affinity Group, member of Academic and Executive Council, CAP director, member of MISTE, FIETE, senior member IEEE, for more than 25 years. Email: [email protected]