Impact of PLL and Virtual Inertia on Deregulated AGC System Integrated with Parallel AC/HVDC

Abstract

This article investigates the impact of phase-locked loop (PLL) systems along with virtual inertia on system dynamics of a parallel AC/HVDC tie-line integrated two-area automatic generation control (AGC) system under a deregulated scenario. The multi-area AGC system comprises two thermal and hydro-gas in area-1, 2. An attempt is made to utilize a new secondary controller named the two-degree-of-freedom tilt-integral-derivative (2DOF-TID) controller. Its gains and PLL parameters are optimized by a novel meta-heuristic algorithm called a bird swarm algorithm (BSA). The system dynamics corresponding to the proposed 2DOF-TID are compared with 2DOF-PID, 2DOF-PI explored better system dynamics with a 2DOF-TID controller. The system dynamics are compared with AC alone, AC/HVDC, AC/HVDC tie-line incorporating with PLL, virtual inertia revealed the better performance of the latter. Moreover, the effect of variation in PLL parameter on the system dynamics are also analyzed and studies suggested that the obtained response at the nominal value of natural frequency (ω_n) and damping coefficient (ζ) reduces the subsequent oscillation and provides better dynamics other than varying condition.

KEYWORDS:

• AC/HVDC tie-lines
• AGC
• Bird swarm algorithm
• 2DOF-TID controller
• Phase-locked loop system
• Virtual inertia

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat

Sanjeev Kumar Bhagat received BTech degree in electrical engineering in 2015 from BPUT Rourkela and MTech degree in power and energy system engineering in 2018 from NIT Silchar, India. He is currently pursuing PhD in power system engineering from NIT Silchar, Assam.

Lalit Chandra Saikia

L C Saikia received BE degree in electrical engineering from Dibrugarh University, Assam, India in 1993 and MTech (Power Systems) degree from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 2007. He received his PhD degree in Electrical Engineering in April 2012 from National Institute of Technology Silchar, Assam. Currently, he is working as an associate professor in Department of Electrical Engineering in NIT Silchar, India. He has published about 50 reputed international journals. His research interests include power system control, application of soft computing in engineering, power system under deregulated AGC, power quality, distribution generation, smart grid and demand side management. E-mail: [email protected]

Naladi Ram Babu

Naladi Ram Babu received BTech degree in electrical engineering in 2013 from Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh and MTech degree in power and energy system engineering in 2017 from NIT Silchar. He is currently pursuing PhD in power system engineering from NIT Silchar India. E-mail: [email protected]

Debdeep Saha

Debdeep Saha received BTech degree in electrical engineering in 2010 from Jorhat Engineering College, Assam in 2010 and MTech degree in power system Engineering in 2017 from Assam Engineering College Assam in 2014. He received his PhD in electrical engineering in 2019 from National Institute of Technology Silchar, India. Currently, he is working as an assistant professor in EED in Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India. E-mail: [email protected].