Robust Load Frequency Control Using Fractional-order TID-PD Approach Via Salp Swarm Algorithm

Abstract

To preserve frequency and tie-line power flow within a tolerable range in modern intricate and renewable energy sources (RES) integrated power system, an intelligent, expert, and robust load frequency control (LFC) scheme is requisite. This paper proposes a new load frequency control (LFC) approach using a dual-stage controller composed of fractional-order tilted-integral-derivative (TID) and integer-order proportional-derivative (PD) controllers. The recently developed salp swarm algorithm has tuned the parameters of the controller. The proposed scheme exhibits robustness and fast disturbance rejection performance because the tilted-integral-derivative controller is structured in a fractional-order framework, and transient response is improved due to the proportional-derivative controller. The overall activity of the LFC has been further upgraded by incorporating the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device namely thyristor-controlled phase shifter (TCPS) unit and energy storage system called redox flow battery (RFB) units. The proposed control approach is applied to diverse types of multi-area multi-source power systems with thermal, hydro, and wind turbine units along with nonlinear functions namely generation rate constraint (GRC), governor dead band (GDB), and communication delay (CD). The simulation results yield improved frequency regulation activity with and without TCPS and RFB using the proposed control approach when compared with the recently developed LFC approaches. Sensitivity analysis also established the robustness of the proposed control approach.

KEYWORDS:

• FACTS
• Fractional-order controller
• Load frequency control
• Redox flow batteries
• Salp swarm algorithm
• Wind

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Mandeep Sharma

Mandeep Sharma received his BTech in 2005 from Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India, and MTech in 2014 from Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, India. At Guru Kashi University, Talwandi Sabo, Punjab, India, he had completed his PhD in electrical engineering in 2020. He currently serves as a lecturer in Electrical Engineering Dept. at BHSBIET, Lehragaga, Punjab, India. His field of interests is power system operation and control. Email: [email protected]

Surya Prakash

Surya Prakash graduated in 2003 from the I E (India) with a BE degree, receiving his MTech in electrical engineering (Power System) from KNIT, Sultanpur-India in 2009 and PhD in electrical engineering from SHIATS-DU (formerly AAI-DU, Allahabad- India) (Power Systems) in 2014. He’s currently working as an associate professor in the electrical & instrumentation Engineering Dept. TIET, Patiala. His field of interest includes power systems operation & control, artificial intelligent control, distributed generation.

Sahaj Saxena

Sahaj Saxena is currently employed in EIED, Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India, as an assistant professor. He completed his PhD from IIT Roorkee MTech in 2017 and 2012, respectively. He acquired B.Tech. from KNIT Institute, Sultanpur, UP, India, 2010. He also worked as a post-doc fellow at Tel Aviv University, Israel. His field of interest includes load frequency control and reduced-order modeling. Email: [email protected]