Energy Source Expansion Planning for a Real-world Deregulated Electric Utility Considering Emission

Abstract

The Electricity Demand Prediction (EDP) and Generation Expansion Planning (GEP) make a real-world planning problem more optimal. In this study, the EDP problem has been solved using the optimization techniques such as Differential Evolution (DE), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Artificial Immune System (AIS) for Tamil Nadu state, India. The electricity demand has been predicted and validated in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results reveal that DE outperformed other algorithms in solving the EDP problem. Continually, the GEP problem under partial deregulated environmental has been solved using the DE. In the GEP model, utilities and Independent Power Producer (IPP) have acted as the generating sources where IPP sells the power to utilities and utilities sell the power to the consumers. The utilities have been modeled to ensure the profit of all IPP, fuel mix ratio, system security, reliability, etc. The problem has been solved for the 6-year (till 2024) and 12-year (till 2030) planning horizons by considering three different scenarios, such as (i) without budget constraint of utilities, (ii) with budget constraint of utilities and (iii) penetration of huge Renewable Energy Source (RES) with budget constraint of utilities. The expansion capacities of each power plants were estimated over the planning horizon by maximizing the profit to the generating sources. The values of reliability indices and CO₂ emission have been obtained.

Keywords:

• Deregulation
• Differential evolution
• Ecological effects
• Generation expansion planning
• Independent power producers

Supplemental data

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2021.1959422.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

S. Amosedinakaran

S Amosedinakaran received the BE degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Anna University in 2011, MTech degree in power system engineering from Kalasalingam University in 2014 and he is pursuing PhD degree from Faculty of Electrical Engineering of Anna University. He has eight years of teaching and research experiences. His research interests are demand forecasting and power system planning. He is now working as an assistant professor in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He has published 10 papers in reputed international journals and 5 papers in international conferences.

K. Mala

K Mala received the BE degree in electrical and electronics engineering ME degree in high voltage engineering and PhD degree from Faculty of Electrical Engineering of Anna University. She has twenty years of teaching and research experiences. Her research interests are power modules for renewable energy and optimization techniques. She is now working as a professor in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Easwari Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed international journals and 35 papers in international conferences. She is a life time member of Institution of Engineering and Technology and Indian Society for Technical Education. Email: [email protected]

A. Bhuvanesh

A Bhuvanesh received the BE degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Anna University in 2012, MTech degree in power system engineering engineering from Kalasalingam University in 2014 and PhD degree from Faculty of Electrical Engineering of Anna University in 2019. He has seven years of teaching and research experiences. His research interests are power system planning, renewable energy sources, optimization techniques and application of nature-inspired algorithms in power systems. Dr A Bhuvanesh is now head of Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in PSN College of Engineering and Technology, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. He has published more than 35 papers in reputed international journals and 10 papers in international conferences. He is a life time member of International Society for Research and Development, International Association of Engineers. Email: [email protected]

S. Kannan

S Kannan received the BE, ME, and PhD degrees from Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, India in 1991, 1998 and 2005, respectively. He is presently working as professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, India. He was a visiting scholar at Iowa State University, Ames, from October 2006 to September 2007, supported by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, with the BOYSCAST Fellowship. His field of interest is power system planning, multi-objective optimization and evolutionary computation. He is a Life member of SSoI, Life Member of ISTE, senior member of IEEE, Member IET, senior member of CSI, Fellow of IE (I), and Fellow of IETE. Email: [email protected]

M. Karuppasamy Pandian

M Karuppasamy Pandian received the BE degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Anna University in 2011, MTech degree in power system engineering from Kalasalingam University in 2014 and he is pursuing PhD degree from Faculty of Electrical Engineering of Kalasalingam University. He has eight years of teaching and research experiences. His research interests are available transfer capability enhancement, power system planning and optimization algorithms. He is now working as an assistant professor in Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kalasalingam University, Tamil Nadu, India. He has published 12 papers in reputed international journals and 10 papers in international conferences. He is a Mathworks Certified MATLAB associate Developer. Email: [email protected]