An Adaptive Algorithm for Battery Charge Monitoring based on Frequency Domain Analysis

Abstract

With technological advancement, the automobile industry is undergoing a design evolution. There has been an increase in the use of electrically actuated systems; electronics-based control systems, along with an increase in average power consumption. But such increased incorporation has been one of the main causes of roadside breakdowns. However, through the help of modelling and simulation manufacturers can evaluate vehicle operation; reduce their cost while achieving a competitive advantage in the automotive market. Here an automotive electrical system has been discussed. Its architecture consists of a battery, alternator, starter solenoid, and starter motor. Detailed modelling and simulation based on Simulink have been developed. Here charge level of automobile battery and its effect on the operational characteristics of an automobile has been considered and simulated in a MATLAB Simulink environment. First, a time-domain analysis has been made of the current response recorded from its maximum, minimum value, and slope characteristics. The response characteristics hence obtained are also analysed in the frequency domain through FFT analysis to obtain data characteristics in the frequency domain. A detailed analysis has been done at different levels of battery charge degradation to obtain a continuous data set for different states. The result shows significant changes both in time and frequency domain displaying discrimination in terms of DC and frequency components along with relative harmonics distortions enabling battery charge monitoring from starting transients. This method of response characteristics analysis helps in easier computation and in designing a system that can help with vehicle diagnosis and quality control.

Keywords:

• Automobile
• Battery charge level
• DC component
• Electric vehicle
• FFT analysis
• Low order harmonics
• Microgrid
• MATLAB
• THD

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Poulomi Ganguly

Poulomi Ganguly was born in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. She has obtained BTech in electrical engineering from Hooghly Engineering and Technology College in 2010 and MTech in power & energy systems engineering from NIT Silchar in 2012. She is presently employed at Ran Vijay Singh. College of Engineering & Technology as assistant professor in the Electrical & Electronics Engineering Department. Her field of interest includes power quality, renewable energy sources, and smart grid, and best papers’ recognition. She was recognized as an outstanding reviewer of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurements in the year 2020.

Surajit Chattopadhyay

Surajit Chattopadhyay was born in Hooghly, West Bengal, India. He obtained BSc degree in physics honours from Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandir (CU), in 1998, and then BTech, MTech, in electrical engineering and PhD (Technology) degrees from the Department of Applied Physics of the University of Calcutta in 2001, 2003, and 2010, respectively. He obtained CEng from Engineering Council, the UK, in 2013 and got FIE from the Institution of Engineers, India, in 2018. He has authored/co-authored four books and around 135 papers published in international and national journals and conferences, and three books. Presently, he is with the Department of Electrical Engineering in Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and Technology, Malda, West Bengal, India. His field of interest includes electric power quality, smart grid, fault diagnosis, power system protection, signal analysis, robotics application, and UAV. He served as lead guest editor for IET Nanodielectrics and IET Smart Grid. He received many awards. Email: [email protected]

B.N Biswas

B N Biswas “FIETE” received the MSc and PhD degrees from the University of Calcutta, India, in 1961 and 1967, respectively, with a University Gold Medal at the master’s level, Foundation Fellow WBAST, Fellow IETE, Emeritus Fellow AICTE, and formerly National Lecturer (UGC). He has published more than 170 papers in International journals of repute, supervised 16 PhD dissertations, a book on Phase Lock Theories and Applications in 51 years of academic and research experience. His name appeared in the Who’s Who in the World, 30th Pearl Anniversary Edition 2012, International Biographical Centre, Great Britain, has recognized him as one of the top 100 Engineers and Educators of the World – 2013 and has included him among 2000 Outstanding Intellectuals of the twenty-first Century. He is presently employed as chairman, Education Division, Supreme Knowledge Foundation Group of Institutions. His field of interest includes microwave multiplex lightwave systems, satellite communications, microwave & millimeterwave signal processing, digital signal processors, phase lock techniques, subharmonic & ultra-harmonic synchronization, etc. Email: [email protected]