Combined Voltage and Frequency Control of Multiarea Multisource System Using CPDN-PIDN Controller

Abstract

This paper discusses a multiarea multi-source system in combined automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and an automatic voltage regulator (AVR) model. The multiarea system comprises thermal and wind in Area-1, thermal-geothermal in Area-2, and hydrothermal plant in Area-3. Appropriate nonlinearity constraints are provided for both hydro and thermal plants. A maiden attempt has been made to employ a cascade proportional-derivative (PD) with filter coefficient (N) and PID with filter coefficient (N) (CPDN-PIDN) as a secondary controller in the combined ALFC-AVR system and optimized controller gains using artificial flora algorithm (AFA). It is examined that the CPDN-PIDN controller yields better dynamics responses than the PI and PIDN controllers. Analyze reflects that the system performance enhanced in the presence of AVR loop. This paper discusses the effect of renewable sources like wind and geothermal on the system dynamics. Analysis reveals that the geothermal power plant is more reliable than the wind plant. The parameter variations of the temporary and permanent droop and hydro turbine time constant (HTTC) of the hydro plant are examined through system responses. System response deteriorates significantly as permanent droop and HTTC are reduced. Peak overshoot and undershoot are reduced considerably as the temporary droop value is increased. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the AFA optimized CPDN-PIDN controller parameters obtained under the nominal condition are resilient enough and need not be reset with the system's substantial random variation. An experimental justification has been provided of the investigated system using a real-time simulation with the OPAL-RT OP4510 real-time setup.

KEYWORDS:

• Artificial flora algorithm (AFA)
• Automatic load frequency control (ALFC)
• Automatic voltage regulator (AVR)
• Cascade PDN-PIDN (CPDN-PIDN) controller
• Hydro turbine time constant (HTTC)

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Biswanath Dekaraja

Biswanath Dekaraja received BE degree in electrical engineering from Assam Engineering College affiliated to Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam in 2003 and Master of Electrical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal in 2012. He is working as a full-time PhD research scholar in National Institute of Technology Silchar, India since 2019. His current research interests include power systems, automatic generation control, FACTs, renewable energy sources, and energy storage devices.

Lalit Chandra Saikia

Lalit Chandra Saikia was born in Assam, India, received his BE from Dibrugarh University, Assam, in 1993. Dr Saikia joined North Eastern Drilling & Work over Services Company Pvt Ltd, Digboi, Assam in December 1992 as an electrical engineer. In December 1993, he joined as a rig electrical engineer in ONGCL RECAPICOL, Sibasagar, Assam and worked till 1997. He started his teaching life as lecturer (Part Time) in Jorhat Engineering College, Jorhat, Assamin 1997. In 2000, He joined as a lecturer in Electrical Engineering Department, NIT Silchar. He received his MTech degree in power systems from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 2007. He has achieved his PhD degree in electrical engineering from National Institute of Technology (NIT) Silchar, Assam in April 2012. He is currently associate professor of the Department of Electrical Engineering, NIT, Silchar, Assam, India. He works in the field of power systems, soft computing application in power systems, power quality, power system control and operations. Email: [email protected]