The Velocity of Underwater Ultrasound at Different Temperatures

Abstract

In this study, two-step methods for measuring the velocity ultrasound underwater at various temperatures are described. Two narrowband ultrasonic transducers are used in the first phase, along with accompanying electronics, to generate an oscillating sensor whose frequency is proportional to the temperature being measured. This inexpensive sensor showed a sensitivity of roughly 50 Hz/K at a frequency of about 30 kHz and a distance of 190 mm. The second step used pulse-echo mode with a 5 MHz center frequency. There was a gap in the reflectors that were filled with underwater. The temperature of the solution was associated with the ultrasonic propagation delay in the gap. The tests were carried out underwater with concentrations as high as 2 M. We noticed ultrasonic velocity increases at different temperature levels in the experiments (executed in the range of temperature of 32°F to 212°F).

Keywords:

• Concentrations
• Frequency
• Seawater
• Temperature range
• Ultrasound
• Velocity

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

P. V. Bhosale

P V Bhosale (ME 2004) is an assistant professor in the Department of Instrumentation Engineering at Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Navi-Mumbai. He is pursuing a PhD from the University of Pune. His research focuses on ultrasonic instrumentation. He has wide experience of 19 years in teaching and industry. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]

S. D. Agashe

S D Agashe is a professor in the Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering at the College of Engineering Pune. He completed his PhD (Engineering) from the University of Pune in 2007. His research focuses on sensors, process control, and automation. Currently, he is working on a “Virtual Laboratory” project which is funded by MHRD. He has wide experience of 34 years in teaching, research, and industry. Email: [email protected]