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Abstract
In this article, gain augmentation of a microstrip antenna (MSA) operating at 28 GHz has been enunciated in a cost-effective manner using a phase-graded index lens. Different metamaterial unit cells with transmissive characteristics have been designed and placed in an array to create a radial phase graded metalens with locally varying refractive index and spatially varying surface impedance. Transformation of spherical wavefronts into planar wavefronts results in beam collimation which helps in obtaining a directive beam in the 5G frequency band. The ratio of focal length to the diameter (f/d) of the lens is 0.38. The gain of MSA is enhanced by 4.4 dB with radiation efficiency above 95% due to the focusing effect of the lens placed vertically above the antenna. The proposed planar lens is compact in size and easy to fabricate when compared with the conventional 3-D lens reported in existing works. The microstrip patch integrated lens prototype exhibits a gain of 12.4 dBi operating at 28 GHz. The performance of the lens has been analyzed theoretically and evaluated further by conducting experiments on the fabricated prototype. Measured results validate the full–wave simulation results carried out using finite element method.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Priyanka Das
Priyanka Das received the BTech in electronics and communication engineering from Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, and MTech in RF and microwave engineering from IIT Kharagpur, West Bengal, India. She obtained PhD (Tech) degree from the Institute of Radio Physics and Electronics, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India in 2022. She worked on RF linearizers and power amplifiers in the Central Research Lab of BEL. She served as an assistant professor in the Electronics & Communication Engineering Department at University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, India. Presently she is doing her post-doctoral research in IIT Guwahati. Her research areas include microstrip antenna design, RF passive circuit design, numerical techniques in electromagnetics and metamaterials. She published seventeen peer reviewed international journals. She is a reviewer of reputed journals like Optical and Quantum Electronics, IEEE Access, IETE Journal of Research, Journal of Physics D:Applied Physics and International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies. Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]
Amit Kumar Singh
Amit Kumar Singh received PhD degree from the Centre of Applied Research in Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India, in 2018. He is currently an assistant professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India. He was assistant professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, India from March 2020 to February 2022. From November 2018 to February 2020, he was a post-doctoral researcher with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea. Singh is a recipient of Young Scientist Award-2021 for Excellence in Research by the International Union of Radio Science (URSI) USA in July 2021. He is recognized by Wiley-USA as author of the Top Downloaded Paper in 2018-2019. He is a recipient of Brain Korea-21 Fellowship 2019 for Excellence in Research. He is also recipient of GCORE-2019 Fellowship by Global Center for Open Research With Enterprise, KAIST, South Korea. He has authored or co-authored more than 20 international journal papers and 25 conference papers. He is serving as a regular reviewer in journals such as IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters,IET Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, IET Electronics Letters, and the International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering (Wiley). His current research interests include mm Wave antenna designs for 5G and Beyond, Metasurface and meta-antenna design, IRS for 5G and Beyond, easy deployable reflectarray antenna design for microsatellite application, microwave absorber, SDR, and SDR-based radars for detection and ranging. Email: [email protected]