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Notes
1 Julia Frankel, “Why Is Israel’s Judicial Overhaul So Divisive?,” Associated Press, July 22, 2023, https://apnews.com/article/israel-netanyahu-protests-overhaul-courts-282e2cd18a2340a067625e148ebda41c.
2 Max Boot, “Israel’s Biggest Security Threat Is Benjamin Netanyahu,” Washington Post, July 23, 2023, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2023/07/23/netanyahu-biden-israel-jenin-west-bank/.
3 Thomas L. Friedman, “Only Biden Can Save Israel Now,” New York Times, July 23, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/23/opinion/israel-biden.html?searchResultPosition=1.
4 Friedman, “Only Biden.”
5 Nicholas Kristof, “With Israel, It’s Time to Start Discussing the Unmentionable,” New York Times, July 22, 2023, https://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/22/opinion/israel-military-aid.html?smid=url-share.
6 Amir Tibon, “‘Great Concern’: EU, France, Germany, U.K., React to Netanyahu Government’s Law to Weaken Judiciary,” Haaretz, July 26, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-26/ty-article/.premium/israels-european-allies-echo-american-criticism-of-netanyahus-judicial-overhaul/00000189-8f29-d430-a59b-af29cc7c0000.
7 Reps. Rashida Tlaib (D-MI), Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY), Ilhan Omar (D-MN), Jamaal Bowman (D-NY), Summer Lee (D-PA), Cori Bush (D-MO), Ayanna Pressley (D-MA), André Carson (D-IN), and Delia Ramirez (D-IL) voted against the resolution. Rep. Betty McCollum (D-MN), an advocate of Palestinian rights in Congress, voted present. See, Michael Arria, “Vast Majority of House Dems Back GOP Resolution Saying Israel Isn’t an Apartheid State,” July 19, 2023, https://mondoweiss.net/2023/07/vast-majority-of-house-dems-back-gop-resolution-saying-israel-isnt-an-apartheid-state/.
8 B’Tselem, A Regime of Jewish Supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This Is Apartheid, January 12, 2021, https://www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid; Human Rights Watch, A Threshold Crossed: Israeli Authorities and the Crimes of Apartheid and Persecution, April 27, 2021, https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution; Amnesty International, Israel’s Apartheid against Palestinians: Cruel System of Domination and Crime against Humanity, February 1, 2022, https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/5141/2022/en/.
9 Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, “Israeli Human Rights Violations in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Weekly Update 19–26 July 2023),” July 27, 2023, https://pchrgaza.org/en/israeli-human-rights-violations-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory-weekly-update-19-26-july-2023/.
10 Gianluca Mezzofiore et al., “Israel’s Military Called the Settler Attack on This Palestinian Town a ‘Pogrom.’ Videos Show Soldiers Did Little to Stop It,” CNN, June 15, 2023, https://edition.cnn.com/2023/06/15/middleeast/huwara-west-bank-settler-attack-cmd-intl/index.html.
11 Hagar Shezaf et al., “Palestinian Shot Dead as Dozens of Jewish Settlers Torch Homes, Vehicles in West Bank,” Haaretz, June 21, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-06-21/ty-article/.premium/dozens-of-jewish-settlers-set-fire-to-palestinian-homes-vehicles-in-west-bank-town/00000188-ddba-df52-a79d-ddbbf2310000.
12 Hagar Shezaf, “Israeli Settlers Break into Palestinian Homes Accompanied by Soldiers,” Haaretz, July 25, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-25/ty-article/.premium/israeli-settlers-break-into-palestinian-homes-accompanied-by-soldiers-and-searched-them/00000189-8e19-d5eb-abcb-ffdf8ea00000.
13 Jack Khoury and Hagar Shezaf, “Four Palestinians Wounded in Clash with West Bank Settlers, Health Ministry Says,” Haaretz, July 14, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-14/ty-article/.premium/four-palestinians-wounded-in-clash-with-west-bank-settlers-health-ministry-says/00000189-5336-d481-afbd-5b3669d50000.
14 Quds News Network (@QudsNen), “Watch: The Israeli occupation pours cement into the water springs in the al-Hijrah area, south of Hebron, to block them and prevent Palestinians from using them in agriculture,” Twitter, July 26, 2023, 6:57 p.m., https://twitter.com/QudsNen/status/1684231413481054209.
15 Middle East Eye (@MiddleEastEye), “Israeli settlers, under protection from the army, stormed the neighbourhood of Bab al-Zawiya in Hebron on Thursday. The army implemented a lockdown in the city centre closing more than 200 shops in the central market and preventing Palestinians from reaching their homes,” Twitter, July 28, 2023, 11:30 p.m., https://twitter.com/MiddleEastEye/status/1685024830062800896.
16 Jack Khoury, “Israeli Settlers Set Fire to Palestinian Fields in West Bank, Reports Say,” Haaretz, July 29, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-29/ty-article/.premium/israeli-settlers-set-fire-to-palestinian-fields-in-west-bank/00000189-a250-de97-af9f-eadf83e70000.
17 Younis Tirawi (@ytirawi), “Maarjat, Jericho: Israeli settlers incursed [sic] with their livestock the Palestinian community of Maarjat ‘Milhat family’ and harass the locals by letting their livestock within Palestinian homes there,” Twitter, July 29, 2023, 3:56 p.m., https://twitter.com/ytirawi/status/1685273089834151936.
18 Quds News Network (@QudsNen), Shiraz Sa‘u, a little Palestinian girl now made homeless, inspects the rubble of what was her family home in the the neighborhood of Beit Hanina, occupied Jerusalem, after her father was forced to demolish their own home at orders from the all-Israeli municipality of Jerusalem, today,” Twitter, July 29, 2023, 7:29 p.m., https://twitter.com/QudsNen/status/1685326771405680640.
19 Jeremy Sharon, “Netanyahu Hands Smotrich Full Authority to Expand Existing Settlements,” Times of Israel, June 18, 2023, https://www.timesofisrael.com/netanyahu-hands-smotrich-full-authority-to-expand-existing-settlements/.
20 Basic Law: Israel-The Nation State of the Jewish People, July 26, 2018, https://main.knesset.gov.il/EN/activity/Documents/BasicLawsPDF/BasicLawNationState.pdf (unofficial English translation).
21 Lana Tatour, “The Nation-State Law: Negotiating Liberal Settler Colonialism,” Critical Times 4, no. 3 (2021): 577–87, https://doi.org/10.1215/26410478-9355305.
22 Roni Pelli, “While Israelis Were in the Streets, Smotrich Unveiled His Annexation Plans,” +972 Magazine, July 27, 2023, https://www.972mag.com/bezalel-smotrich-annexation-revolution/.
23 Yasmeen Serhan, “What Israel’s Controversial Judicial Overhaul Means for Palestinians,” Time, July 25, 2023, https://time.com/6297635/israel-judicial-overhaul-palestinians/.
24 Hamutal Gouri, “Israel’s Government Has Declared a War on Women,” Haaretz, July 23, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2023-07-23/ty-article-opinion/.premium/israels-government-has-declared-a-war-on-women/00000189-8304-d7f1-abbd-cffdf4610000.
25 Maria Rashed, “Israel’s LGBTQ+Community Fear for Future under Far-Right Government,” Guardian, December 22, 2022, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/22/israel-lgbtq-community-fear-future-far-right-government.
26 Serhan, “What Israel’s Controversial.”
27 A similar crime wave involving Jewish-led mafias in major Israeli cities was stamped out in 2003 by concerted action by the police and courts. See, Agence France-Presse, “Crime Wave Grips Arabs in Israel ‘by the Throat,’” Radio France Internationale, January 12, 2022, https://www.rfi.fr/en/crime-wave-grips-arabs-in-israel-by-the-throat.
28 Eliyahu Freedman, “Anger as Violent Crime Soars in Israel’s Palestinian Communities,” Al Jazeera, June 26, 2023, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/6/26/crime-wave-israel.
29 Sami Abou Shahadeh (@ShahadehAbou), “Things are back to normal in the Knesset: Both government & opposition voted in favor of another discriminatory law aimed at preventing Palestinian citizens from living in a long list of towns & villages. They want them purely Jewish,” Twitter, July 25, 2023, 10:04 p.m., https://twitter.com/ShahadehAbou/status/1683916126214840330; Adalah: The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel, “‘Admissions Committees Law’: Cooperative Societies Ordinance-Amendment No. 8,” accessed August 2, 2023, https://www.adalah.org/en/law/view/494.
30 Noa Shpigel, “‘Expanding Racial Segregation’: Israel Allows More Towns to Reject ‘Unsuitable’ Residents Under Guise of ‘Social Cohesion,’” Haaretz, July 25, 2023, https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-07-25/ty-article/.premium/under-guise-of-social-cohesion-israel-allows-more-towns-to-reject-unsuitable-residents/00000189-8eaf-d430-a59b-afaf6d590000.
31 Amnesty International, “Israel/OPT: 500 Palestinians Facing Forcible Eviction, Displacement, and Segregation,” July 28, 2023, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2023/07/israel-opt-500-palestinians-facing-forcible-eviction-displacement-and-segregation/.