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Abstract
The genus Megarthrus Curtis 1829 is represented in New Guinea, New Caledonia and Fiji by 10 species, eight of which are described as new: M. alienus, M. anggiensis, M. baliemensis, M. fijianus, M. gressitti, M. kuscheli, M. peckorum and M. riedeli. A key to the species is provided, their diagnostic characters are illustrated, and the data available on natural history and ecology are presented. Based on a phylogenetic analysis two monophyletic species groups are recognised: one is endemic to New Guinea (auricola-group), the second to New Caledonia and Fiji (alienus-group). The alienus-group is likely Oriental in origin, while the auricola-group may be derived from a circumtropical lineage containing Neotropical and Afrotropical Megarthrus.
