Metals Analysis in Particulate Pollutants by Emission Spectroscopy

Abstract

Emission spectroscopy using electrical discharge, flame, and X-ray excitation has been the anlytical method of choice in the majority of a i r pollution studies involving trace metals analysis in particulate pollutants. The extensive literature in this area is reviewed here. The emphasis is on analytical methods rather than on specific results. Complete sections are devoted to review and survey literature, electrical discharge methods by element, flame excitation, and X-ray excitation. Wherever possible, information is included on sample preparation, standardization, excitation mode, detection method, and analytical results in terms of sensitivity, reproducibility, and area of application.