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Articles

Groundwater contribution keeps trophic status low in Sylvan Lake, Alberta, Canada

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Pages 366-381 | Received 05 Aug 2017, Accepted 15 Apr 2018, Published online: 11 Jun 2018
 

Abstract

Water well drilling records combined with geologic observation around Sylvan Lake suggest a permeable, fractured groundwater-bearing channel sandstone extends along the northeast margin of the lake, and is surrounded by a matrix of shale with small sandy interbeds. Chloride and water isotope mass-balance approaches found groundwater fluxes were 37 to 43% of total annual lake water inputs, and were consistent with Darcy flux estimates for the channel sandstone. The groundwater contribution to the lake water budget contributes to an estimated lake-water residence time ranging from 22 to 30 years, which is much lower than other lakes in the region and lakes of similar size. Groundwater through-flow in the hydraulically connected channel sandstone unit of the Paskapoo Formation appears to play a critical role in maintaining the relatively low total dissolved solids (and trophic status) of Sylvan Lake, as compared to other lakes in south-central Alberta. Due to the hydraulic connection of the sandstone channel with Sylvan Lake, land use along the north side of the lake (above the sandstone channel unit) should be carefully considered to mitigate groundwater (and consequently lake water) quality impacts.

La considération en parallèle les données de forages pour l’eau et les observations géologiques aux alentours du lac Sylvain suggèrent l’existence d’une veine de grès perméable et fracturée, s’allongeant le long de la marge nord-est du lac et entourée d’une matrice de schiste contenant de petits interlits sableux. Le bilan massique des isotopes de chlore et de l’eau indique que les apports d’eau souterraine contribuent de 37 % à 43 % de l’apport hydrique annuel total du lac, ce qui est en accord avec l’estimation des flux de Darcy pour la veine de grès. Cet apport d’eau souterraine au lac contribue à un temps de séjour entre 22 et 30 ans, un temps de séjour très court par rapport à celui des lacs dans la région et des lacs de dimensions similaires. L’écoulement souterrain dans le grès de la Formation de Paskapoo semble jouer un rôle crucial pour le maintien de la concentration relativement basse de solides totaux dissous (et l’état trophique) du lac Sylvan par rapport à d’autres lacs du Centre-Sud de l’Alberta. Étant donné le lien hydraulique entre le grès et le lac Sylvan, l’utilisation des terres longeant la côte nord du lac (au-dessus du grès) devrait être soigneusement étudiée pour d’éviter une contamination de l’eau souterraine, et conséquemment du lac.

Acknowledgements

We appreciate the support for the project by the following: Hydrogeological Consultants Limited, Town of Sylvan Lake, Alberta Environment and Parks, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration, Sylvan Lake Stewardship Society, and a private landowner at Sunbreaker Cove.

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