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Original Articles

Identifying the Origin of Anomalous High Tropospheric Ozone in the Ozonesonde Data at Uccle by Comparison with Nearby De Bilt

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Pages 102-116 | Received 31 Jan 2013, Accepted 30 Oct 2013, Published online: 04 Mar 2014
 

Abstract

The ozonesonde stations at Uccle (Belgium) and De Bilt (Netherlands), separated by only 175 km, offer a unique opportunity to test the influence of different ozonesonde types and different correction strategies, as well as to detect the presence of inhomogeneities in the ozonesonde time series resulting from changes in sounding equipment (solution, radiosonde, ozonesonde, interface, sounding software, etc.). In particular, we highlight a 2.5 year period (beginning of 2007 to mid-2009) of anomalous high tropospheric ozone values measured by ozonesondes at Uccle and compare these with the observations from De Bilt. Because the ozone deviations are only observed in the free troposphere where ozone concentrations are relatively low, and not in the boundary layer or the stratosphere, this issue is directly related to the sensitivity of ozonesondes. Therefore, the effect of every instrumental change, even though small, during this 2.5 year anomalous period is analyzed considering a change in the radiosounding equipment, different ozonesonde batches, operational differences at the stations, differences on ascent and descent during the anomalous period; an environmental cause is also examined. Unfortunately, one single, specific cause for the observed high tropospheric ozone values at Uccle could not be identified. There are two explanations consistent with the observations and not ruled out by the analysis here: 1) the majority of the ozonesondes used at Uccle between March 2007 and August 2009 needed longer conditioning of their sensors and, therefore, behaved more accurately at low ozone concentrations during their descent or when used a second time, and 2) an environmental origin arising from a local difference in the air mass between Uccle and De Bilt and between the ascent and descent.

Résumé

[Traduit par la rédaction] Les stations de sondage d'ozone d'Uccle (en Belgique) et de De Bilt (aux Pays-Bas), séparées de seulement 175 km, fournissent une occasion unique de vérifier l'influence de différents types de sondes d'ozone et de différentes stratégies de correction ainsi que de détecter la présence d’éléments non homogènes dans les séries chronologiques des sondes d'ozones découlant de changements dans l’équipement de sondage (solution, radiosonde, sonde d'ozone, interface, logiciel de sondage, etc.). En particulier, nous distinguons une période de 2,5 ans (du début de 2007 au milieu de 2009) de valeurs anormales d'ozone dans la haute troposphère mesurées par des sondes d'ozone à Uccle et nous comparons ces valeurs aux observations de De Bilt. Étant donné que les écarts d'ozone ne sont observés que dans la troposphère libre où les concentrations d'ozone sont minimales, et non pas dans la couche limite ou dans la stratosphère, cette question est directement liée à la sensibilité des sondes d'ozone. Par conséquent, l'effet de chaque changement instrumental, même petit, durant cette période anormale de 2,5 ans est analysé en fonction d'un changement dans l’équipement de radiosondage, de différents lots de sondes d'ozone, de différences opérationnelles aux stations ou de différences lors de la montée et de la descente durant la période anormale; nous examinons aussi la possibilité d'une origine environnementale. Malheureusement, nous n'avons pas pu identifier une cause unique pour les valeurs d'ozone observées dans la haute troposphère à Uccle. Il y a deux explications en accord avec les observations que l'analyse n'a pas pu rejeter : 1) la majorité des sondes d'ozone utilisées à Uccle entre mars 2007 et août 2009 avaient besoin d'une plus longue période d'acclimatation pour leurs capteurs et donc fonctionnaient mieux par faibles concentrations d'ozone durant leur descente ou lorsque utilisées une deuxième fois et 2) une origine environnementale découlant d'une différence locale dans la masse d'air entre Uccle et De Bilt et entre la montée et la descente.

Acknowledgements

Both R. Van Malderen and the ozone sounding program at Uccle are funded by the Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence (STCE), a research collaboration established by the Belgian Federal Government through the action plan for reinforcement of the federal scientific institutes. We acknowledge the operators responsible for the ozone soundings at Uccle and De Bilt for their dedication throughout the years. We also want to thank Herman Smit for the very interesting discussions we had on this research and for his lead in the Ozonesonde Data Quality Assessment Program that gave us the occasion to attend workshops that were very instructive. We are grateful to Daan Hubert of the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BISA) for calculating the flight paths of the balloons launched at Uccle. We are indebted to the Belgian Interregional Environment Agency (IRCEL-CELINE) for kindly providing us with the ozone and ozone precursor data measured at different locations in Brussels. We acknowledge the free use of tropospheric NO2 column data from the OMI sensor from www.temis.nl. Finally, we would like to thank the two anonymous reviewers for their very constructive feedback and suggestions.

Notes

Because ENSCI manufactured ECC sensors in batches of 500, not all ozonesondes with serial numbers starting with Z10… belong to the same production batch as our Z10… ozonesondes. Walter Komhyr, former CEO of ENSCI, kindly provided us with the names of the companies that received ozonesondes from the same batches.

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