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Forest Pathology / Pathologie forestière

Neofusicoccum arbuti: a hidden threat to Arbutus menziesii characterized by widespread latent infections and a broad host range

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Pages 70-81 | Accepted 15 Dec 2015, Published online: 10 Feb 2016
 

Abstract

The iconic tree species, Arbutus menziesii (Pacific madrona, madrone arbutus), has been in decline in the Pacific Northwest of North America for the past 40 years. It is thought that the fungal pathogen Neofusicoccum arbuti has contributed to the decline of this tree species. In recent years, there have been reports of declining arbutus in the coastal region of southern British Columbia, Canada. We conducted intensive sampling in a park with severely affected arbutus trees to determine the cause and prevalence of decline. The majority of arbutus trees sampled in this study had cankers associated with N. arbuti infection. We also sought to determine if N. arbuti has additional hosts that could act as a reservoir for this pathogen. Six new hosts of N. arbuti were identified, and a seventh was confirmed; these hosts spanned four taxonomic orders and included Amelanchier alnifolia, Cytisus scoparius (confirmed), Gaultheria shallon, Ilex aquifolium, Rosa sp., Sorbus sitchensis and Spiraea douglasii. Recovery of Neofusicoccum arbuti from both symptomatic and asymptomatic plant tissues of these hosts indicates that it potentially has a broad host range. It remains to be established if N. arbuti is also pathogenic to these hosts. These results highlight the importance of monitoring for this pathogen and assessing the extent of its geographic distribution and its ability to colonize various hosts.

Résumé

Depuis 40 ans, l’arbre emblématique Arbutus menziesii (arbousier d’Amérique, arbousier Madrono) est en proie au dépérissement sur la côte pacifique du Nord-Ouest américain. On croit que l’agent pathogène fongique Neofusicoccum arbuti en est le responsable. Récemment, on a rapporté des cas de dépérissement de l’arbousier dans la portion sud de la côte britanno-colombienne. Nous avons procédé à un échantillonnage intensif dans un parc où des arbousiers étaient gravement infectés afin de déterminer la cause et la prévalence du dépérissement. La majorité des arbousiers échantillonnés au cours de cette étude portaient des chancres associés à l’infection causée par N. arbuti. Nous avons également cherché à déterminer si d’autres hôtes pouvaient servir de réservoir à N. arbuti. Nous avons identifié six nouveaux hôtes de N. arbuti qui embrassent, et un septième a été confirmé; quatre ordres taxinomiques et incluent Amelanchier alnifolia, Cytisus scoparius (confirmé), Gaultheria shallon, Ilex aquifolium, Rosa sp., Sorbus sitchensis et Spiraea douglasii. La récupération de N. arbuti sur des tissus symptomatiques et asymptomatiques provenant de ces hôtes a montré qu’il peut posséder une vaste gamme d’hôtes. Il reste à établir si N. arbuti est également pathogène à l’égard de ces derniers. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de mettre en place un suivi de cet agent pathogène et d’évaluer l’étendue de sa répartition géographique ainsi que sa capacité de coloniser divers hôtes.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their comments and suggestions. We would also like to extend their sincere gratitude to Dr Allan Carroll, Dr Sarah Gergel, Avneet Brar, Padmini Herath, Stéphanie Beauseigle, Angie Dale and the rest of Richard Hamelin’s team for their assistance in the laboratory and encouragement. Thanks to Dan Henegar, Manager of Parks Arboriculture and Horticulture for the District of West Vancouver, for permission to sample in Lighthouse Park.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by grants from Genome Canada and Genome British Columbia (Large Scale Applied Research Program, Grant #164) to the TAIGA project (www.taigaforesthealth.com) of the University of British Columbia.

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