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Disease report / Rapport des maladies

First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot and blight symptoms on alfalfa in Canada

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Pages 451-455 | Accepted 21 Apr 2018, Published online: 31 May 2018
 

Abstract

Severe blight and necrotic symptoms were observed on a 3-year-old alfalfa crop cultivar ‘Blue Jay’ at Indian Head, Saskatchewan during the summer of 2017. Symptoms appeared on blossoms, leaves and stems, and most of the infected plants were severely defoliated. The objective of this study was to isolate and identify the causal agent of the disease. Isolations from diseased alfalfa plants showing visible blight and necrotic symptoms collected from the infected field were made on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Morphological observations of the developing fungal colonies on PDA showed the presence of dark grey to dark green mycelium and conidia borne in chains with vertical and transverse septa, indicating the presence of the fungus Alternaria alternata. Molecular analysis of the ITS-5.8S region of rDNA (541 bp) and the TEF-1α gene region (606 bp) of the fungal isolates from alfalfa confirmed their identity as A. alternata. The pathogenicity of representative isolates was confirmed on alfalfa ‘Blue Jay’ and ‘Spredor 4’ plants in growth chamber tests. Necrotic and blight symptoms like those observed in the field appeared on leaves and stems followed by defoliation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing a foliar disease on alfalfa in Canada.

Résumé

À l’été de 2017, de graves symptômes associés au mildiou et à la nécrose ont été observés sur des cultures de trois ans de luzerne du cultivar ‘Blue Jay’ à Indian Head, en Saskatchewan. Les symptômes sont apparus sur les fleurs, les feuilles et les tiges, et la plupart des plants infectés étaient gravement défoliés. Le but de cette étude était d’isoler et d’identifier l’agent causal de la maladie. Les isolements des plants de luzerne affichant des symptômes visibles de mildiou et de nécrose, collectés dans le champ infecté, ont été faits sur de la gélose dextrosée à la pomme de terre. Les observations morphologiques du développement des colonies fongiques sur la gélose ont révélé des chaînes de mycélium et de conidies gris foncé à vert foncé possédant des cloisons verticales et transversales, indiquant qu’il s’agissait du champignon Alternaria alternata. L’analyse moléculaire de la région de l’ITS-5,8S de l’ADNr (541 bp) et de la région du gène codant pour le TEF-1α (606 bp) des isolats fongiques de la luzerne a confirmé leur identité en tant qu’A. alternata. La pathogénicité d’isolats représentatifs a été confirmée pour les cultivars ‘Blue Jay’ et 'Spredor 4' cultivés au cours de tests effectués en chambre de croissance. Des symptômes de nécrose et de mildiou, comme ceux observés au champ, sont d’abord apparus sur les feuilles et les tiges, puis il y a eu défoliation. À notre connaissance, il s’agit du premier rapport d’une maladie foliaire de la luzerne causée par A. alternata au Canada.

Acknowledgements

Technical help of Beata Lees and Eric Bevis is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Zoë Migicovsky for her help in selecting ITS and TEF-1α sequences shared by same isolates from GenBank.

Additional information

Funding

This research was made possible through financial support from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. There is no conflict of interest related to this study.

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