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Original Articles

Validity issues in Meta‐Analysis: Suggestions for Research and Policy

, &
Pages 119-130 | Published online: 01 Nov 2006
 

ABSTRACT

The technique of meta‐analysis has been credited with resolving research issues in the areas of class size and the efficacy of psychotherapy, yet meta‐analyses have failed to form a consensus regarding the effects of student ratings feedback to college teachers. This failure can be traced to three types of problems: (a) methodological problems with the technique of meta‐analysis; (b) the quality of the research base; and (c) the social and professional context in which research is conducted. Meta‐analysis is an important addition to what may become a rigorous review methodology, but it is not a substitute for the qualitative review. Comprehensive meta‐analyses should include (a) a discursive review of each study, (b) a report of how each effect‐size was calculated, (c) the location of the statistics on which the calculation was based, and (d) a discussion of the factors that limit the validity of the statistic. Individual authors can contribute to the validity of future quantitative syntheses by reporting their results more thoroughly and clearly.

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