2022-Haloethyl glycosides are useful intermediates in the preparation of the corresponding 2-azidoethyl and 2-aminoethyl glycosides. They are often used to generate multivalent displays of glycosides by grafting the azido derivative to alkyne-modified scaffolds by means of Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. Carbohydrate conjugation can also be achieved by the reaction of 2-aminoethyl glycosides with carboxylic acids through peptide coupling methodologies. Following either of these approaches, the synthesis of many diverse multivalent constructs, including glycoclusters, modified peptides, proteins, and oligonucleotides, liposomes, nanotubes, and glycopolymers, to name but a few, have been reported in the literature.
