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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dominique Pestre, John Krige and Yves Cohen for their very useful comments.
Notes
[1] Lagadec, Major Technological Risk; Beck, Risk Society; Giddens, Modernity and Self Identity.
[2] This way of reasoning, through successive models is, for instance, to be found in ‘mode 1’/‘mode 2’ proposal: Nowotny et al., Re‐thinking Science.
[3] See the critic of Beck’s vision of sciences in the Brian Wynne’s introduction of Lash et al., Risk, Environment and Modernity.
[4] Beck has continued to explain his conceptions see his last book: Beck, The Cosmopolitan Vision.
[5] Beck, Société du risque, 7.
[6] It would be very difficult to make an exhaustive list of these numerous works. The importance of this concept is visible in the content of a number of articles of journals such as Social Studies of Sciences, Science & Technology Studies or Science, Technology and Human Values, as well as in the creation of new journals specifically dedicated to risks such as Risk Analysis.
[7] This is especially noticeable in research on the transformation of capitalism or medicine over the last 30 years: Boltanski and Chiapello, The New Spirit of Capitalism (first published in French in 1999). Dodier, Leçons politiques de l’épidémie de sida.
[8] This is the case for instance for the ‘scientific revolution.’ Shapin, The Scientific Revolution.
[9] Researchers working on the construction of public issues and on public policy have greatly contributed to the development of research on risk issues. Hilgartner, ‘The Political Language of Risk,’ 25; Hilgartner, Science on Stage; Gilbert, Risques collectifs.
[10] Bosso, Pesticides and Politics; Boudia, ‘Naissance, extinction et rebonds.’
[11] Slovic, ‘Perception of Risk’.
[12] Krimsky and Wrubel, Agricultural Biotechnology; Roy, Les experts face aux risques .
[13] Knorr‐Cetina, Epistemic Cultures.
[14] On the historiography of environmental history see: http://www.h‐net.org/∼environ/historiography/historiography.html and Mitman et al., Landscape of Exposure.
[15] Chirnside and Hamence, The ‘Practising Chemists;’ Hamlin, A Science of Impurity; Barles, La ville délétère.
[16] Young, Pure Food.
[17] Meisner and Tarr, ‘Special Issue on Environmental History;’ Büschenfeld, Flüsse und Kloaken; Tarr, The Search for the Ultimate Sink; Bowler and Brimblecombe, ‘Control of Air Pollution in Manchester’; Thorsheim, ‘Inventing Air Pollution;’ Bernhardt, Environmental Problems in European Cities.
[18] Whorton, Before Silent Spring.
[19] Dahan and Pestre, Les sciences pour la guerre.
[20] This debate already took place in the 19th century: Hamlin, ‘Scientific Method,’ 485.
[21] Jasanoff, States of Knowledge; Halfmann, ‘Boundaries of Regulatory Science.’
[22] Markowitz and Rosner, Deceit and Denial; Egilman et al., ‘Over a Barrel.’
[23] Heyvaert, ‘Reconceptualizing Risk Assessment.’
[24] Abraham and Reed, ‘Progress, Innovation and Regulatory Science,’ 337.
[25] Giddens, lecture 3. http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/events/reith_99.
[26] Desrosières, La politique des grands nombres; Porter, Trust in Numbers.
[27] On the importance to work on invisibility phenomena see: Honneth, ‘Invisibility.’
[28] On Bhopal see: Morhouse and Subramaniam, The Bhopal Tragedy; Lapierre and Moro, Five Past Midnight in Bhopal.
[29] For examples of works taking into account this dimension see: Rosner and Markowitz, Dying for Work; Vallianatos, Harvest of Devastation; Murray, Cultivating Crisis; Nicollini, Il pane attossicato; Warren, Brush with Death.
[30] Thus Beck explained: ‘Consider the intellectual situation in Europe after 1989. A whole world order had broken down. What an opportunity to adventure into the new! But we stick to old concepts and ideas, and make the same mistakes. There is even a kind of left protectionism and a switch of position. As Anthony Giddens has pointed out, radical socialism has become conservative and conservatism has become radical. We have to rediscover this crazy, mad‐cow disease world sociologically, and the script of modernity has to be rewritten, redifined, reinvented. This is what the theory of world risk society is about.’ Beck, ‘Politics of Risk Society,’ 9.
[31] Callon et al., Agir dans un monde incertain; Jasanoff, States of Knowledge.
