The Relationship Between Body Mass Index (Weight Status) and Hypertension in a Cohort of Elementary School Students: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study

Abstract

This study longitudinally investigated the relationship between childhood body mass index and hypertension in a cohort of 4th-grade students. Students who were overweight or at risk for overweight when in the 1st grade were over 4 times more likely to be overweight or at-risk-for overweight in the 4th grade than were students who were not overweight or not at risk for overweight when in the 1st grade. Students who were overweight or at risk for overweight when in the 1st grade were approximately 3 times more likely to be hypertensive or prehypertensive in the 4th grade than were students who were not overweight or not at risk for overweight when in the 1st grade.

Notes

^a1^st-Grade Normal Wt. reflects the number of nonoverweight and not-at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students by specified gender and by total.

^b4^th-Grade Overwt. reflects the number of nonoverweight and not-at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at-risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students by specified gender and by total.

^b 4^th-Grade Overwt. reflects the number of nonoverweight and not-at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at-risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students by specified gender and by total.

^cProportion A reflects the proportion of nonoverweight and not-at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students.

^d1^st-Grade Overwt. reflects the number of overweight or at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students by specified gender and by total.

^e4^th-Grade Overwt. reflects the number of overweight or at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at-risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students by specified gender and by total.

^fProportion B reflects the proportion of overweight or at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at-risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students.

^gProportion A − Proportion B reflects the difference in the proportion of nonoverweight and not-at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at-risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students (Proportion A) and the proportion of overweight or at-risk-for-overweight first-grade students who were later overweight or at-risk-for-overweight fourth-grade students (Proportion B).

^hz-value reflects the value of the z statistic.

ⁱ p-value reflects the probability of obtaining a difference between proportions (A and B) of the observed magnitude or greater under the condition that the two sample proportions had been drawn from populations where both proportions (A and B) were identical.

^aNonOverWt First-Grade Students reflects the 214 students in the first grade who were not overweight and not at risk for overweight.

^bHyperNonOverWt Fourth-Grade Students reflects the 18 students in the fourth grade who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade who were not overweight and not at risk for overweight in the first grade.

^cProportion A reflects the proportion of students (0.084112) who were not overweight and not at risk for overweight in the first grade (214) who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade (18).

^dOverWt First-Grade Students reflects the 113 students in the first grade who were overweight or at risk for overweight.

^eHyperOverWt Fourth-Grade Students reflects the 28 students in the fourth grade who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade who were overweight or at risk for overweight in the first grade.

^fProportion B reflects the proportion of students (0.247788) who were overweight or at risk for overweight in the first grade (113) who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade (28).

^aNonOverWt Fourth-Grade Students reflects the 211 students in the fourth grade who were not overweight and not at risk for overweight.

^bHyperNonOverWt Fourth-Grade Students reflects the 16 students in the fourth-grade who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade who were not overweight and not at risk for overweight in the fourth grade.

^cProportion A reflects the proportion of students (0.075829) who were not overweight and not at risk for overweight in the first grade (211) who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade (16).

^dOverWt Fourth-Grade Students reflects the 116 students in the fourth grade who were overweight or at risk for overweight.

^eHyperOverWt Fourth-Grade Students reflects the 30 students in the fourth-grade who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade who were overweight or at risk for overweight in the fourth grade.

^fProportion B reflects the proportion of students (0.258621) who were overweight or at risk for overweight in the fourth grade (116) who were hypertensive or prehypertensive in the fourth grade (30).

^aOverweight or at risk reflects the 113 students in the fourth grade who were either overweight or were at risk for being overweight in the first grade.

^bNot overweight and not at risk reflects the 214 students in the fourth grade who were not overweight and were not at risk for being overweight in the first grade.

^cdf reflects the degrees of freedom. In the calculation of the degrees of freedom, equal population variances were not assumed.

^d t-value reflects the value of the t statistic.

^e p-value reflects the probability of obtaining a difference in blood pressure of the observed magnitude or greater under the condition that the samples were drawn from populations (overweight or at-risk-for overweight vis-à-vis not overweight and not at-risk-for overweight) that did not differ with respect to blood pressure.

^aOverweight or at risk reflects the 116 students who were either overweight or were at risk for being overweight in the fourth grade.

^bNot overweight and not at risk reflects the 211 students who were not overweight and were not at risk for being overweight in the fourth grade.

^cdf reflects the degrees of freedom. In the calculation of the degrees of freedom, equal population variances were not assumed.

^d t-value reflects the value of the t statistic.

^e p-value reflects the probability of obtaining a difference in blood pressure of the observed magnitude or greater under the condition that the samples were drawn from populations (overweight or at-risk-for overweight vis-à-vis not overweight and not at-risk-for overweight) that did not differ with respect to blood pressure.