Dietary Association with Glycemic Status Among Adults Clinically Diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes in Malawi

ABSTRACT

We elucidated diet and its association with glycemic status among adults clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through across-sectional study in Malawi. Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and dietary intakes were assessed. Consumption of cereals, roots, and tubers and sweet, sugary food, including sweetened beverages, was significantly higher among participants with A1C≥8%. Fruit and vegetable intake were disproportionately low overall. Consuming adiet high in carbohydrates (OR: 1.167; CI = 1.107–1.231; p< .001) and having <3 meals/day (OR: 2.680; CI = 1.445–4.970; p= .002) were both associated with A1C≥8%. Therefore, dietary interventions for T2DM focusing on carbohydrate counting, total dietary quality, and meal planning are needed in Malawi.