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Notes
1. Andrade, “Manifesto Antropófago,” 142.
2. Bary, trans., “Cannibalist Manifesto,” 38.
3. Rosenberg, “Looking Back, Looking Through,” 74.
4. Casanova, The World Republic of Letters.
5. Andrade, Poesias completas, 22.
6. Tomlins, trans., Hallucinated City, 11.
7. Ibid., 16.
8. For instance, a Brazilian would say “Mandei a carta para ela” for “I sent the letter to her,” rather than “Mandei-lhe a carta” with the indirect object pronoun lhe (to her). Following the written conventions in Portugal, “I sent it to her” would be rendered as “Mandei-lha,” as lhe combines with the direct object pronoun a (it) to become lha.
9. Andrade, O movimento modernista, 51.
10. Andrade, Macunaíma, 83.
11. Cabral, As idéias linguísticas de Mário de Andrade, 47.
12. Beebee, “Cultural Entanglements and Ethnographic Refractions,” 95.
13. Haberly, Three Sad Races, 146.
14. Coleman, “A Hero of Enormous Appetites.”
15. Ibid.
16. Braz, “Traducing the Author: Textual (In)fidelity in E.A. Goodland’s Translation of Macunaíma,” 190.
17. Goodland, trans., Macunaíma, 3.
18. Lopez, ed., “Traduções de Macunaíma,” 431.
19. Lokensgard, “Inventing the Modern Brazilian Short Story,” 150.
20. “The Christmas Turkey” was also translated with care by Gregory Rabassa in The Oxford Book of Latin American Short Stories, 159–164. While Rabassa demonstrates close attention to tone and language change in his translation, I focus here on Brenneman’s translation due to its more recent reprinting and circulation in the Oxford Anthology of the Brazilian Short Story.
21. Andrade, Contos novos, 71.
22. Chiaro, “Foreword,” 135.
23. Brenneman, trans., “The Christmas Turkey,” 99.
24. Zabalbeascoa, “Humor and Translation,” 194.
25. Andrade, Contos novos, 71.
26. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 98.
27. Andrade, Contos novos, 71.
28. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 98.
29. Ibid., 98.
30. Andrade, Contos novos, 71.
31. Andrade, Poesias completas, 35.
32. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 98.
33. Ibid.
34. Andrade, Contos novos, 71.
35. Ibid., 72.
36. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 99.
37. Andrade, Contos novos, 73.
38. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 100.
39. Andrade, Contos novos, 72.
40. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 99.
41. Andrade, Contos novos, 72.
42. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 99.
43. Andrade, Contos novos, 75.
44. Brenneman, “The Christmas Turkey,” 102.
45. Venuti, The Translator’s Invisibility, 16.
46. Andrade, Contos novos, 72.
47. Ibid.
48. Azevedo, “Considerations on Literary Dialect in Spanish and Portuguese,” 506.
49. Spivak, “The Politics of Translation,” 370.
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Krista Brune
Krista Brune is an assistant professor of Portuguese and Spanish at the Pennsylvania State University. Her research situates modern and contemporary Brazil within the context of the Americas through the lens of translation, intellectual history, and visual culture. Recent articles and translations have appeared in Studies in Latin American Popular Culture, ellipsis, Film Quarterly, and Asymptote.