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Notes
1. Terry, The Penguin Book of Oulipo, front endsheet.
2. Ibid., 196–8.
3. Ibid., 199–204. Of course, other parts of speech besides nouns may be subject to the “W+7” procedure; for this particular variation, Mathews has replaced every lexical morpheme with a corresponding word of the same part of speech, and used two different dictionaries to produce two transformations of each line.
4. Ibid., 252, 323–5, 352.
5. Although Exercices de style predates the founding of the group, it shows that Queneau was already interested in procedural rewriting at the time of its first publication in 1947.
6. Terry, The Penguin Book of Oulipo, 400–5.
7. Ibid., xxxv.
8. Ibid., 332–51.
9. Ibid., xxv.
10. Ibid., 414–24, 112–21, 432–4.
11. As Charles Sanders Peirce puts it: “A sign is not a sign unless it translates itself into another sign in which it is more fully developed.” From Peirce’s Collected Papers, Vol. 5, 397, cited in Liszka, “Peirce and Jakobson,” 53; and Dewey, “Peirce’s Theory,” 91. From the perspective of Peircean semiotics, a lipogrammatic text could be described as simply a series of messages expressed in an artificially constrained code, messages whose meaning consists of their translation into other codes, including the given “natural” language, any foreign language, a different register of the original language, a set of visual symbols, and so forth. The application of Peircean theory to constraint-based literature and the centrality of translational principles to both of these deserve to be elaborated in further research.
12. This comes from a passage in Anton Voyl’s journal that includes e-less versions of Mallarmé, Hugo, Baudelaire, and Rimbaud; in Adair’s translation, these are replaced by adaptations of Shakespeare, Shelley, Milton, Hood, Gordon, and Rimbaud. See Perec, La disparition, 116–125; and Perec, A Void, 100–109.
13. Terry, The Penguin Book of Oulipo, 161.
14. Audin, One Hundred Twenty-One Days.
15. Terry, The Penguin Book of Oulipo, 89.
16. Ibid., 512.
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Jeffrey Diteman
Jeffrey Diteman is a literary translator and scholar working in French, Spanish, and English. He is a PhD candidate in Comparative Literature at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, where he teaches courses in literature and translation. His translation of the novel The Anarchist Who Shared My Name by Pablo Martín Sánchez was published by Deep Vellum in 2018.