http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-853X
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Abstract
NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) inhibitors are proved as promising therapeutic agents against cancer. This study is to determine potent NAD(P)H-dependent NQO1 inhibitors with new scaffold. Pharmacophore-based three-dimensional (3D) QSAR model has been built based on 45 NQO1 inhibitors reported in the literature. The structure-function correlation coefficient graph represents the relationship between phase activity and phase predicted activity for training and test sets. A QSAR model statistics shows the excellent correlation of the generated model. Pharmacophore hypothesis (AARR) yielded a statistically significant 3D QSASR model with a correlation coefficient of r2 = 0.99 as well as an excellent predictive power. From the analysis of pharmacophore-based virtual screening using by SPEC database, 4093 hits were obtained and were further filtered using virtual screening filters (HTVS, SP, XP) through structure based molecular docking. Based on glide energy and docking score, seven lead compounds show better binding affinity compared to the co-crystal inhibitor. The results of induced fit docking and prime/MM-GBSA suggest that leads AN-153/J117103 and AT-138/KB09997 binding with the catalytic site. Further, to understanding the stability of identified lead compounds MD simulations were done. The lead AN-153/J117103 showed the strong binding stable of the protein-ligand complex. Also the computed drug likeness reveals potential of this compound to treat cancer.
| Abbreviations | ||
| NQO1 | = | NAD(P)H-quinine oxidoreductase 1 |
| CPH | = | common pharmacophore hypothesis |
| PLS | = | partial least squire |
| HBD | = | hydrogen bond donor |
| SD | = | standard deviation |
| XP | = | extra precision |
| IFD | = | induced fit docking |
| MM-GBSA | = | molecular mechanics generalized born surface area |
| MDS | = | molecular dynamics simulation |
| RMSD | = | root mean square deviation |
| RMSF | = | root mean square fluctuation |
| RMSE | = | root mean square error |
| ADME | = | absorption distribution metabolism excretions |
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
Acknowledgement
The authors profusely thank the Department of Biotechnology–Bioinformatics Infrastructure facility (DBT-BIF), University of Madras for allowing to carryout molecular modeling studies.
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
