Prospecting for Cressa cretica to treat COVID-19 via in silico molecular docking models of the SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome COVID-19 declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization has become the present wellbeing worry to the whole world. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications. Cressa cretica is reported to show antitubercular, antibacterial and expectorant property. In this research, we aim to prospect the COVID-19 main protease crystal structure (M^pro; PDB ID: 6LU7) and the active chemical constituents from Cressa cretica in order to understand the structural basis of their interactions. We examined the binding potential of active constituents of Cressa cretica plant to immensely conserved protein M^pro of SARS-CoV-2 followed by exploration of the vast conformational space of protein–ligand complexes by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results suggest the effectiveness of 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid and Quercetin against standard drug Remdesivir. The active chemical constituents exhibited good docking scores, and interacts with binding site residues of M^pro by forming hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interactions. 3,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid showed the best affinity towards M^pro receptor which is one of the target enzymes required by SARS CoV-2 virus for replication suggesting it to be a novel research molecule. The potential of the active chemical constituents from Cressa cretica against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has best been highlighted through this study. Therefore, these chemical entities can be further scrutinized and provides direction for further consideration for in-vivo and in-vitro validations for the treatment of covid-19.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Graphical Abstract

Keywords:

• Cressa cretica
• SARS-CoV-2 M^pro
• in silico
• molecular docking
• molecular dynamics

Acknowledgements

We are thankful to Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal for providing facilities to conduct molecular simulations studies.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Correction Statement

This article has been republished with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.