Synergistic combination of ritonavir and cisplatin as an efficacious therapy in human cervical cancer cells: a computational drug discovery and in vitro insight

Abstract

HIV-protease inhibitor Ritonavir (RTV) is a clinical-stage drug. We exhibit here the synergistic effect of RTV coupled with cisplatin as potential combination therapy for treatment of cervical cancer. Knowledge about the interaction of RTV with the high-expression signatures in cancer is limited. Therefore, we utilized computational techniques to understand and assess the drug-binding affinity and drug-target interaction of RTV with these altered protein signatures. Computational studies revealed the potential interaction ability of RTV along with few other HIV protease inhibitors against these altered cancer targets. All targets exhibited good affinity towards RTV and the highest affinity was exhibited by CYP450 3A4, PDGFR and ALK. RTV established stable interaction with PDGFR and molecular dynamics simulation confirms their frequent interaction for 300 ns. Control docking of PDGFR with standard PDGFR inhibitor exhibited lower binding affinity when compared with RTV-PDGFR complex. In search of drugs as a part of combination therapy to reduce side effects of Cisplatin, this paper further evaluated the effect of combination of RTV and Cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. We propose several combination models that combines anti-viral drug RTV and standard chemotherapeutic agent, Cisplatin to be synergistic with CI value ranging from of 0.01 to 1.14. These observations suggest that anti-viral compound (RTV) could act synergistically with Cisplatin for cervical cancer therapy. However, further studies are warranted to investigate the combinatorial mode of action of RTV and Cisplatin on different molecular pathways to have a translational outcome in cervical cancer.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Ritonavir
• cisplatin
• drug repurposing
• molecular docking
• cervical cancer
• combination

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, DY Patil Deemed To Be University for providing the facilities for carrying the study.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Funding

The author(s) reported there is no funding associated with the work featured in this article.