Inhibitory effect of natural compounds on Dihydropteroate synthase of Mycobacterium leprae: Molecular dynamic study

Abstract

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae. According to official data from 139 countries in the 6 WHO Regions, there were 127558 new leprosy cases worldwide in 2020. Leprosy mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes. If this disease is left untreated, can harm the skin, nerves, limbs, eyes, and skin permanently. The disease is curable with multidrug therapy. Over a period of time Mycobacterium leprae has become resistant to these drugs. Therefore, new therapeutic molecules are warranted. This study was aimed to carry out the in-silico analysis to determine the inhibitory effect of natural compounds on Dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) of Mycobacterium leprae. The DHPS is a key enzyme in the folate biosynthesis pathway in M. leprae and acts as a competitive inhibitor of PABA. The 3D structure of DHPS protein was modeled using homology modeling and was validated. Molecular docking and simulation along with other in-silico methods were employed to determine the inhibitory effect of ligand molecules towards DHPS target protein. Results revealed ZINC03830554 molecule as a potential inhibitor of DHPS. Binding experiments and bioassays utilizing this strong inhibitor molecule against purified DHPS protein are necessary to validate these early findings.

Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Keywords:

• Leprosy
• natural compounds
• drug discovery
• molecular docking
• p-amino benzoic acid
• dihydropteroate synthase
• drug resistance determining region
• multiple drug therapy

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This research has been funded by Scientific Research Deanship at University of Ha’il - Saudi Arabia through project number RG-21110.