Introduction

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Notes

¹ Marcuse was characterized to the point of parody in the Coen brothers’ 2016 film, Hail, Caesar!. In the film, he was portrayed as a stereotypical academic with pipe and elbow patches, mumbling through his thick Teutonic accent about subverting American culture through popular media. The movie portrays him as a secret agent for the Soviet Union, which is bizarre, given the USSR’s condemnation of his highly critical text, Soviet Marxism and his long tenure at the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and US State Department.

² See for example “The Lie of Academic Free Speech,” Frontpage Mag, available online at: http://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/262272/lie-academic-free-speech-richard-l-cravatts (accessed March 25, 2016); “Salvo Magazine – The Illusionist by Robin Phillips,” available online at: http://www.salvomag.com/new/articles/salvo20/herbert-marcuse-censorship-is-tolerance.php (accessed August 15, 2016); “On the Destructiveness of Political Correctness,” available online at: http://www.familysecuritymatters.org/publications/detail/on-the-destructiveness-of-political-correctness (accessed August 15, 2016).

³ Robert W. Marks, The Meaning of Marcuse (NY: Ballantine, 1970).

⁴ Alain Martineau, Herbert Marcuse’s Utopia (Montreal: Harvest House, 1986).

⁵ Alasdair MacIntyre, Herbert Marcuse: An Exposition and a Polemic (New York: The Viking Press, Inc., 1970); Irving Howe, Beyond the New Left (New York: Horizon Press, 1970).

⁶ Paul Breines (ed.), Critical Interruptions: New Left Perspectives on Herbert Marcuse (Herder & Herder, 1970); Christopher Holman, Politics as Radical Creation: Herbert Marcuse and Hannah Arendt on Political Performativity (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013); Richard Wolin, Heidegger’s Children: Hannah Arendt, Karl Löwith, Hans Jonas, and Herbert Marcuse (Princeton University Press, 2003); Arnold L. Farr, Critical Theory and Democratic Vision: Herbert Marcuse and Recent Liberation Philosophies (Lexington Books, 2009).

⁷ Douglas Kellner’s volumes of Marcuse’s collected papers, as well as his text Herbert Marcuse and the Crisis of Marxism (1984) are an excellent exposition of Marcuse’s intellectual history and development.

⁸ Jurgen Habermas, Legitimation Crisis (Beacon Press, 1998).

⁹ Wendy Brown, Edgework: Critical Essays on Knowledge and Politics (Princeton University Press, 2005).

¹⁰ Robert J. Antonio, “Immanent Critique as the Core of Critical Theory: Its Origins and Developments in Hegel, Marx and Contemporary Thought,” The British Journal of Sociology 32:3 (1981), p. 330, doi:10.2307/589281.

¹¹ Ibid., 330–333.

¹² Herbert Marcuse, Studies in Critical Philosophy (Boston: Beacon Press, 1973), p. 4.

¹³ Herbert Marcuse, Negations: Essays in Critical Theory (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 1969), p. xii.

¹⁴ Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man (Beacon, 1968), p. 1.

¹⁵ Antonio, “Immanent Critique as the Core of Critical Theory,” p. 336.

¹⁶ Marcuse, Negations: Essays in Critical Theory, p. xiii.

¹⁷ Ibid., xvi.

¹⁸ Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man, p. ix.

¹⁹ Antonio, “Immanent Critique as the Core of Critical Theory,” p. 339.

²⁰ Herbert Marcuse, Counterrevolution and Revolt (Beacon Press, 1989), p. 131.

²¹ Antonio, “Immanent Critique as the Core of Critical Theory,” p. 339.

²² One of the earliest and most important critiques of the shortcomings of the one-dimensionality hypothesis was Piccone’s “artificial negativity” thesis that questions the limits of where negativity may emerge from, and that one-dimensionality was increasingly ahistorical. See: Paul Piccone, “The Crisis of one-dimensionality,” Telos 1978:35 (March 20, 1978), pp. 43–54, doi:10.3817/0378035043; Tim Luke, “Culture and Politics in the Age of Artificial Negativity,” Telos 1978:35 (March 20, 1978), pp. 56–72, doi:10.3817/0378035055; Patricia Mooney Nickel, “Revisiting the Artificial Negativity Thesis: An Interview with Timothy W. Luke,” New Political Science 35:4 (2013), pp. 627–647, doi:10.1080/07393148.2013.848707.

²³ Herbert Marcuse, Paris Lectures at Vincennes University, 1974: Global Capitalism and Radical Opposition, Peter-Erwin Jansen and Charles Reitz (eds) (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2015), p. 25.

²⁴ Ibid. Surak, pp. xiv–xvi; Reitz, pp. 95–114

²⁵ Peter Marcuse, “Blog #74 – On the Relevance of Herbert Marcuse Today,” Peter Marcuse’s Blog, available online at: https://pmarcuse.wordpress.com/2015/11/19/blog-74-on-the-relevance-of-herbert-marcuse-today/ (accessed November 19, 2015).

²⁶ Letter from Carl Lankowski to Herbert Marcuse, Marcuse Archive, University Library, Frankfurt. Document number 1083.4.

²⁷ Ibid.

²⁸ Douglas Kellner, “Critical Theory, Democracy and Human Rights,” New Political Science 1:1 (1979), pp. 12–18, 13.